english dissertation york

Department of English and Related Literature

Postgraduate research degrees in English and related literature

We welcome applications for research projects across a whole range of literary periods and genres, including world literature, film, literatures in languages other than English, works in translation and creative writing.

Why study with the Department of English and Related Literature at York?

We have a distinguished research and teaching record, with wide-ranging research interests in the literature and culture of all periods, both in English and a number of other languages (including French, German, Italian, Spanish, Arabic and Latin). We've scored strongly in the latest Research Excellence Framework and rank highly in league tables domestically and internationally.

Our research degrees

• English and Related Literature (PhD)
• English with Creative Writing (PhD)
• English and Related Literature (MA by research)

We also offer the PhD in English and the PhD in English with Creative Writing as a Distance Learning option for students unable to reside full-time in York.

Research expertise

We invite applications from candidates who are eager to work in any area of interest covered by our department's research expertise. Find out more about the research expertise of our staff.

Before writing your research proposal, we advise you to consult the list of staff research interests and identify potential supervisors in the department. When making your application, you are advised to make your research proposals as specific and clear as possible. You should indicate the member(s) of staff that you wish to work with.

• Find a supervisor

[email protected] +44 (0) 1904 323366

Related links

• Apply for a postgraduate research course
• Scholarships and funding
• Research students' profiles
• Graduate Research School

Research seminars

Our Research Schools and related interdisciplinary centres offer an extensive programme of research seminars designed for academic staff and research students throughout the year. Research students are expected to attend relevant seminars to stay updated on the latest developments in the field and to develop their skills in advanced academic debate.

Humanities Research Centre

The HRC provides a fantastic new research environment for postgraduate students in the humanities, and for postdoctoral scholars. The wireless postgraduate work space, located on the first and mezzanine floors, is open 24/7.

PhD monographs

Many of our PhD graduates have transformed their research into monographs. This showcase is an impressive way to mark the culmination of your time at York.

Our research community

Our research is organised into four major areas, each represented by a Research School: the Medieval, Renaissance, 18th Century and Romantic, and Modern Schools. 

The size of our graduate community, as well as the intellectual diversity of our graduate students, makes York a very stimulating environment in which to pursue a research degree in English. We play a major part in six interdisciplinary research centres:

• Centre for Medieval Studies
• Centre for Renaissance and Early Modern Studies
• Centre for Eighteenth Century Studies
• Centre for Modern Studies
• Centre for Women's Studies
• Centre for Narrative Studies

You'll have the opportunity to work with our interdisciplinary research centres in order to develop a highly distinguished project. A number of prominent journals and book series have editors in our department.

Visiting postgraduate researchers 

Spend up to a year in York as a visiting research student   from a university outside the UK.

Find out about scholarships and studentships that are available to students in the Department of English and Related Literature.

• Postgraduate research funding

Research resources

We offer a rich range of resources for literature students on campus and around the city, as well as specialist research facilities and archives.

Find out more about our facilities

World-leading research

We're a top ten research department according to the Times Higher Education's ranking of the latest REF results (2021), and 98* of our research was rated 3* or higher.

Writers at York

Writers at York is a lively programme of readings and workshops, bringing exciting new voices and some of the most important contemporary writers to York.

Committed to equality

We're proud to hold an Athena Swan Bronze award in recognition of the work we do to support gender equality in English.

• You'll receive support in applying to and presenting at professional conferences, preparing and submitting material for publication and applying for jobs.
• You'll benefit from training in handling research data, various modern languages, palaeography and bibliography. Classical and medieval Latin are also available. The Humanities Research Centre also offers a rich array of valuable training sessions.
• We also offer training in teaching skills if you wish to pursue a teaching post following your degree. This includes sessions on the delivery and content of seminars and workshops to undergraduates, a structured shadowing programme, teaching inductions and comprehensive guidance and resources for our graduate teaching assistants.
• You'll have the opportunity to further your training by taking courses accredited by Advance HE: York Learning and Teaching Award (YLTA)   and the   York Professional and Academic Development scheme (YPAD) .

Applications

Traduction Française Indisponible

Theses & dissertations.

Theses and dissertations are extended scholarly essays that incorporate original research on a specific topic. They are usually written as part of the requirements for a graduate degree (e.g. MA or PhD).

Finding a York University thesis or dissertation Most doctoral dissertations and Master's theses completed at York University are available through the Libraries. Law dissertations are held in the Law Library; most others are held in Scott Library. Please note that the library does not normally hold copies of Major Research Papers (MRPs); for these, please check with the appropriate York University department or faculty.

For York dissertations and theses written from 1967 to 2012: Start by searching the Dissertations and Theses @ York University database. You can search by keyword, title, adviser or school. The full-text of most York theses and dissertations submitted between 1967 and 2012 can be downloaded for free.

This service is only available to registered York students and faculty. For York dissertations and theses written between 1967 and the present that were never microfilmed or have some form of embargo restricting access:

• Search the library catalogue . You can search by title, author, or keyword. When you find the entry, note the call number and location. A quick location guide is provided below.

For dissertations and theses written from 2013 to the present, search the library catalogue (NOT the classic catalogue) by title, author, or keyword.

Finding theses from other universities

• Proquest Digital Dissertations and Theses This database contains citations and abstracts of doctoral dissertations and some masters theses from colleges and universities in North America and Europe. Citations are available from 1861 to the present. Abstracts are available for dissertations from 1980 to the present and for masters theses from 1988 to the present. From 1997, sometimes earlier, the full-text of some dissertations and theses may be downloaded for free in PDF format. Please note that this service is only available to registered York students and faculty.
• Theses Canada Portal The Theses Canada Portal provides free access to the full text electronic versions of Canadian theses and dissertations that were published from the beginning of 1998 to the present.
• Index to theses (Great Britain and Ireland) An index to theses accepted in the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland. Covers 1716 – present.
• EThOS (Great Britain) Launched in 2008, the Electronic Theses Online System (EThOS) offers free access to full text versions of British theses. New theses are digitized and added to the database in response to requests from researchers.

Many other periodical indexes and databases include references to dissertations.

Note : Theses and dissertations not available in the Libraries or online can be requested through the Resource Sharing Department.

Thesis and Dissertation

Forms for Research Ethics approval and for Thesis and Dissertations are available on the FGS Forms page .

Connect with FGS

CUNY Academic Works

Home > Dissertations, Theses & Capstones Projects by Program > English Dissertations

English Dissertations

Dissertations from 2024 2024.

Bad Becomings: Autobiographical Writing, Queer/Trans Theory, Melancholia , Jacob Elias Aplaca

'Since No Expressions Do': Queer Tools For Studying Literature , Filipa G. Calado

‘The Power of Three Will Set Us Free': Witchy Womanist Readings of Toni Morrison’s Sula, Opal Palmer Adisa’s It Begins With Tears, and Migdalia Cruz’s The Have-Little and Miriam’s Flowers , Anamaría Flores

Vast Planetary Abstraction: On the Impossible Modernist Epic , Caleb Shao-Ning Fridell

Of Method: A Propaedeutic to Coleridge's Prose Works , Michael A. Granger

Queer Impersonality: Compulsory Visibility and the Politics of Form in Modernist Women's Life Writing , Margot Kotler

Defying Normativity: Reclaiming a Narrative of Queer Resistance in Young Adult Literature , Christopher Morabito

Algorithmic Love: Twenty-First Century Organizations of the Romantic , Sandra Moyano Ariza

Beyond the Madwoman in the Attic: Representations of Female Madness in Victorian Popular Literature , Beth Sherman

Digital Rhetoric of the Invisible: Bisexual Literacy Practices on TikTok, 2020–2021 , Olivia Wood

Dissertations from 2023 2023

International Student Orientations: Indian Students at American Universities Around the Turn of the Twentieth Century , Param S. Ajmera

Unsung Heroines in Black and White: Sixties Girl Groups as Sonic Rock Rebellion , Hilarie Ashton

There’s No Space in History: Affiliation, Eros and Colonial Entanglements in North American Nuclear Poetry, 1945-Present , Marguerite Daisy Atterbury

The Myth of Measure in American Poetry , Joshua M. Barber

Untenable Spaces and Inconceivable Futures in the 21st Century Anglophone Indian Novel , Shoumik Bhattacharya

Chromatic Dissensus: An Otherwise Archive of Natural Dyes, 1700–1856 , Luke Church

Emancipatory and Retributive Labor: Conflicting Representations of Enslaved Labor in US and Caribbean Literature, 1830–1855 , Michael Druffel

“Tell Them about the Dream Martin!”: The Retelling, Reframing, and Re-examination of the Civil Rights Movement through a Black Feminist and Postmodern Lens , Damele Elliott-Hubbard

Muscling Through: Athletic Women in Victorian Popular Representation, 1864–1915 , Julia G. Fuller

Urban Plateaus: Alienation, Disappearance, and the Random Encounter in Post-1945 Literature and Film , Ethan Goldberg

Haunting at Troy: Troy Narratives, Trauma, and Desire for the Past in Late Medieval English Literature , Woo Ree Heor

Kingdoms Becoming: Dialectic of Black Romanticism , Rasheed M. Hinds

Who Are Our Teachers? The Impact of the Composition Teaching Practicum on Writing Studies , Maxine Krenzel

Posthuman Lessons for Writing and Well-Being: Reparative Practices , Anna A. Larsson

Colonial Investments: The Global Coordinates of the English Political Imaginary, 1628–1668 , Nathan D. Nikolic

Stock Stories Versus Counterstories: A Contemporary Retelling and Centering of Disenfranchised Narratives , Karen C. Pitt

Abolition Renaissance: Black Revolutionary Metonymy in 20th Century Theory, Poetry, Life Writing, and Music Beyond ‘the United States’ , John S. Rufo

Gaps of Speculation: Refusing Representation in Queer and Postcolonial Fiction , Sarah Schwartz

A Study of Geo-Regional Place-Consciousness in American Literature , Eugene Slepov

Between Concealment and Revelation: Oblique Modes of Female Self-Expression in Eighteenth-Century Literature and Life Writing , Sophia N. Sunseri

A Difference of One's Own: Race, Sex, Modernism , Ryan L. Tracy

The Personal and the Planetal: Essaying the Ecological , Eric Dean Wilson

Dissertations from 2022 2022

Once There Was and Once There Wasn’t: The Poetics of Flicker , Sara Akant

Committed to the Fragment: Feminist Literature and the Promise of Wellness , Lynne Beckenstein

Drift Net: The Social and Political Agency of the Migratory Text , Chris Campanioni

Clowning with Identity: Embodied Selves and Others in Comedy's Gendered Character Performances , Allison Douglass

On the Bathysphere Logbooks , Brad Fox

The Silent Holocaust and Other Myths: The Jewish Body and Intermarriage in the Fiction of Saul Bellow and Philip Roth , Samuel Gold

"You Can't Be Shakespeare and You Can't Be Joyce": Lou Reed, Modernism, and Mass Production , Daniel C. Jacobson

Women and Ventriloquism in Early Modern English Drama , Ja Young Jeon

Narrative Side-Stepping: Disability Beyond the Narratology of Normalcy , Christian Lewis

Expressivism and its (Dis)Contents: Tracing Theory and Practice from History to Here and Now , Sasha A. Maceira

Frontier Wordsworth: An Essay toward “The Idiot Boy” , David L. Sassian

Recognition as a Pedagogical Formation: Re-tracing Black Rhetors’ Care-Work in the Field of Writing Studies , Chy L. Sprauve

Bearing Il/liberal Secondary Witness: Un/disciplined Pedagogies of Response to Testimonial Narratives , Queenie T. Sukhadia

Sound Minds: Women’s Novels, Vibrational Experience, and the Listening Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Britain , Elizabeth Weybright

The Visionary Mode in Anglophone Modernist Fiction , Wei Wu

“The Act of the Paper”: Literacy, Racial Capitalism, and Student Protest in the 1990s , Anna Zeemont

Dissertations from 2021 2021

Beyond Authorization: Toward Abolitionist Transliteracies Ecologies and an Anti-Racist Translingual Pedagogy , Lindsey Albracht

Writing Not Writing: Transdisciplinary Poetics, Institutional Critique , Miriam L. Atkin

Reading the World: American Haredi Children's Literature, 1980–2000 , Dainy Bernstein

How She Haunts: Missed Endings, the Fragmentary, and the Female Figure in British Romanticism , Jane Clare Bolin

Skin Worlds: Black and Indigenous Science Fiction Theorizing Since the 1970s , Lou Cornum

Pierce and Pine: Diane di Prima, Mary Norbert Korte, and the Meeting of Matter and Spirit , Iris Cushing

Unthinkable Conditions: Affect and Environment in Romanticism and Speculative Fiction , Amelia Z. Greene

Further Toward Minor Literatures , Aaron Hammes

(In)Hospitable Modernity: Hospitality and Its Discontents (1920–1953) , Daniel A. Hengel

Autobiographical Narratives of Sexual Violation: Trauma, Genre, and the Politics of Telling , Sarah M. Hildebrand

Sound Ecologies: Music and Vibration in 19th-Century American Literature , Christina Katopodis

Very Two, Very One: Reading as Friendship , Amelia Marini

The Lodge in the Wilderness: Ecologies of Contemplation in British Romantic Poetry , Sean M. Nolan

Here Time Becomes Space: The Victorian Spatial Imaginary , Jonathan E. Rachmani

"Never Forget": Embodied Absence and Extended Relations of Care After 9/11 , Sophie L. Riemenschneider

Toward the Black Indian Ocean: Race and the Human Project in the Afro-Asian Imagination , Micheal A. Rumore

Vulnerability: Sensation and Subjectivity in the Late Victorian Novel , Michael Shelichach

Negotiated Access: Haccessibility, Autonomy, and Infrastructure in the Age of the Abstraction , Patrick Smyth

Dissertations from 2020 2020

The Leap and the Gap: Writing Suicide in Modernist Britain , Aaron Botwick

Missing Time: Remembrances of History’s Return , Marissa Brostoff

“An Instrument in the Shape / of a Woman”: Reading as Re-Vision in Adrienne Rich , William J. Camponovo

Corporeal Archives of HIV/AIDS: The Performance of Relation , Jaime Shearn Coan

African American Existential Heroes: Narrative Struggles for Authenticity , Michael Cotto

Narcissus and Beauty: A Renaissance of Paterian Aesthetics , Amir Dagan

British Romanticism and the Paradoxes of Natural Education , Catherine S. Engh

Finding Love: A Relational Psychoanalytic Reading of Charlotte Bronte's "Villette," George Eliot's "Middlemarch," and Virginia Woolf's "To the Lighthouse" , Jerry B. Finkel

Eating the Heart of Weetigo World: Decolonial Imaginaries in the Stories of Louise Erdrich and Tomson Highway , Rebecca Lynne Fullan

Flower Unfurling: Buddhist Modernism and The Early Writing of James Joyce , Erin Garrow

Descriptive Inhumanism: Description and Decolonial Aesthetics , Marcos Gonsalez

American Novels Amidst the Rise of New Media: Emergent Publics and Forms , Sarah Ruth Jacobs

Hermeneutics of Residue: Archival Slime and Queer Literacy , Patrick C. James

The Picturesque and Its Decay: The Travel Writing and Journals of Dorothy Wordsworth, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Mary Shelley , Gabrielle Kappes

Yours Sincerely, Virginia Woolf: Virginia Woolf’s Poetics of Letter Writing , Jojo S. Karlin

Original Gangsters: Genre, Crime, and the Violences of Settler Democracy , Sean M. Kennedy

Creating New Suns: Early Examples of Afrofuturist Literature , Makeba Lavan

Feminist Theology and the Fantastic in Jewish Poetics and Children's Literature (1960s–Present) , Meira S. Levinson

The Making of a Queer Caribbean: Grassroots, Dancehall, and Literary Advocacy (1975–2015) , Dadland Maye

The Remnants of Harmonious Bildungs: The Classical Bildungsroman as an Ontological Dimension of the Novel of Counter-Development in England from Jane Austen to Ford Madox Ford (1813–1924) , Anne E. McFadden

Revisioning Popular Narratives of Trans Lives, 1952–1976 , Melina A. Moore

Postcolonial Urban Vernacular Narratives in Contemporary Britain , Kathryn N. Moss

Crafting Girlhoods , Elissa E. Myers

A Literary History of Early Trans Poetry: Readings, Poetics, Transitions, Obstacles, Movements , Trace Peterson

Awful Nearness: Rape and the English Novel, 1740–1900 , Erin A. Spampinato

Shakespeare's Problem Comedies as Self-Critique , John-Paul Spiro

'Odd Secrets of the Line': Emily Dickinson and the Uses of Folk , Wendy Tronrud

Anger, Genre Bending, and Space in Kincaid, Ferré, and Vilar , Suzanne M. Uzzilia

Outlandish People: Gypsies, Race, and Fantasies of National Identity in Early Modern England , Sydnee Wagner

Dissertations from 2019 2019

Divided Loyalties: Family and Consent to Marriage in Late Middle English Literature, 1300–1500 , Jennifer R. Alberghini

Queer Pregnancy in Shakespeare's Plays , Alicia Page Andrzejewski

Through the Mouth: An Essay on Appetite and Ecocide , Iemanja Brown

Humoring Violations: Uncanny Humor in Victorian Sensation Fiction , Christine Choi

Translingual Rhetoric , Lucas Corcoran

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Referencing styles - a Practical Guide

Harvard referencing style.

Used by: Archaeology, Biochemistry (as well as Vancouver), Biology (as well as Vancouver), Economics, Environment, Health Sciences, HYMS (as well as Vancouver), International Pathway College, Management, Philosophy (as well as MLA), Politics, Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work, Theatre, Film, Television and Interactive Media (as well as MHRA)

Introduction to Harvard referencing style

The Harvard style originated at Harvard University. It's been adapted by individual institutions, and there is no set manual or formatting rules, so it is extremely important to check and follow your department's specific regulations.

In-text citations

Information from sources in the text is shown with in-text citations that include the author's surname and the publication year  (and a page number in some situations). These can appear after the information, or integrated into the sentence:

The in-text citation examples given throughout this guide use the (Neville, 2010) version.

Reference list

The reference list at the end of the document includes the full details of each source so the reader can find them themselves. The list is organised alphabetically by author surname. 

The information to include depends on the types of source - see the examples on this page.

Departmental variations

Some departments use their own variations on the Harvard style - if this is the case, details will usually be given on course materials.

Here are some departmental variations:

close all accordion sections

Archaeology

Archaeology prefer students to use page numbers for all in-text citations unless students are referring to a complete book in a very general sense. Anything more specific should have a page number. Archaeology also require the following in-text citation punctuation: (Lee 2012, 236) for in-text citation with page number and (Lee 2012) for in-text citation without page number.

Environment

Environment ask that for multi-authored sources, given in the reference list, that the first 10 named authors are listed before the use of 'et al.' to indicate additional named authors.

Useful resources

Guidance for all source types

Formatting for one, two or more authors.

This guidance applies to all source types.

In-text:  (Becker, 2007)

Bibliography/ Reference List:

List both authors in the order they appear in the publication. Use 'and' between names.

In-text:  (Peck and Coyle, 2005)

3 authors

In the reference list and the first citation, list all authors in the order they appear in the publication. Use 'and' between names. In subsequent citations, give the first author's name followed by  et al.  (the full stop is important!).

• first citation: (Fillit, Rockwood and Woodhouse, 2010)
• subsequent citations: (Fillit et al., 2010)

In all in-text citations, give the first author's name followed by  et al.  (the full stop is important!). In the reference list, you can either include all author names or include the first author name followed by et al. - be consistent in what you choose.

In-text:  (Moore et al., 2010)

In-text citations with multiple sources

If you are synthesising a number of sources to support your argument you may want to use a number of sources in one in-text citation. For example:

They should appear in date order , the most recent one first. 

Author(s) with 2+ sources in the same year

If an author (or a group of authors) have more than one publications in the same year, add lower-case letters (a, b, c, etc.) to the year to differentiate between them. Add a to the first source cited, b to the second course and so on.  For example:

In-text:  (Carroll, 2007a; Carroll 2007b)

Bibliography/ reference list:

No author name or publication date

No author name.

It is important to use quality sources to support your arguments and so you should carefully consider the value of using any source when you cannot identify its author.

For online sources, look carefully for named contributors, such as in the ‘about us’ sections. For printed material look carefully at the publication/ copyright information, which is often on the inside cover of a book or back page of a report. If you can't locate the information you could use the name of the organisation (eg, OECD) for the author. Don't include a URL in a citation.

If there is no individual or organisational author, it is acceptable to use 'Anon' in your Bibliography/ Reference List. You should also use 'Anon' for your in-text citation.

No publication date

Knowing when a source was created, published, or last updated is important as this helps you to determine the relevance and reliability of the source. 

For online sources look carefully for created and/ or last updated dates on the page(s) you are using and similarly look carefully for named contributors, such as in the ‘about us’ sections. For printed material, especially historical sources where the exact date is unclear you could use ‘circa’ or ‘c’ before the date to indicate the approximate date of publication. For example:

Direct quotes

Quotations are word-for-word text included in your work and must be clearly distinguished from your own words and ideas. Quotations are word-for-word text included in your work and must be clearly distinguished from your own words and ideas. You must also include the page number(s) in the in-text citation.

Short quotations (less than 40 words)

Use a brief phrase within your paragraph or sentence to introduce the quotation before including it inside double quotation marks “ “. For example:

Longer quotations (of 40 words or more)

Use block quotation, without quotation marks, but clearly indented to indicate these words are not your own. For example:

Citing a source you've read about in a different source (secondary referencing)

A secondary reference is given when you are referring to a source which you have not read yourself, but have read about in another source, for example referring to Jones’ work that you have read about in Smith. 

Avoid using secondary references wherever possible  and locate the original source and reference that. Only give a secondary reference where this is not possible and you deem it essential to use the material. It is important to think carefully about using secondary references as the explanation or interpretation of that source by the author you have read may not be accurate.

If it is essential to use a secondary reference follow:

In-text : Campell (1976) highlighted…(as cited in Becker, 2007, p.178)

Only the source you have actually read is referenced in the bibliography/ reference list

When to include page numbers in in-text citations

It is important to give a page number to an in-text citation in the following circumstances:

• when quoting directly
• when referring to a specific detail in a text (for example, a specific theory or idea, an illustration, a table, a set of statistics).

This might mean giving an individual page number or a small range of pages from which you have taken the information. Giving page numbers enables the reader to locate the specific item to which you refer.

When to use capital letters in titles

You should only capitalise the first letter of the first word of a book, journal article etc. The exception is the names of organisations.

Including citations or footnotes in word count

Usually in-text citations will be included in your word count as they are integral to your argument. This may vary depending on the assignment you are writing and you should confirm this with your module tutor. If in-text citations are included this does not mean you should leave out citations where they are appropriate.

Using abbreviations

You can use the following abbreviations in Harvard style citations and references:

• ch./chap. (chapter)
• ed. (edition)
• Ed./Eds. (editor/editors)
• et al. (and others)
• n.d. (no date)
• no. (issue number)
• p. (single page)
• pp. (page range)
• ser. (series)
• supp. (supplement)
• tab. (table)
• vol. (volume)

The difference between a reference list and a bibliography

References are the items you have read and specifically referred to (or cited) in your assignment. You are expected to list these references at the end of your assignment, this is called a reference list or bibliography.

These terms are sometimes used in slightly different ways:

• a reference list will include all the references that you have cited in the text.
• a bibliography is sometimes used to refer to a list of everything you consulted in preparation for writing your assignment, whether or not you referred specifically to it in the assignment.

You would normally only have one list, headed ‘references’ or ‘bibliography’, and you should check with your department which you are required to provide.

Questions about referencing?

Contact your Faculty Librarians if you have any questions about referencing.

Commonly used sources

Examples of in-text citations and reference list entries for key source types.

Use these examples alongside the information given in the 'Guidance for all source types' box. Pay particular attention to the guidance on formatting for one, two or more authors.

In-text citation: (Peck and Coyle, 2005)

Reference list:

Information to include Author(s) name, initials. (year).  Name of book . Place: Publisher name.

For a translated book or a book published in another language, see the examples below.

Edited book (& chapters)

Chapter in an edited book.

In-text citation:  (Dobel, 2005)

Information to include Chapter author(s) surname, initials. (year). Title of chapter. In editor(s) surname, initials (Ed/Eds.),  Title of edited book . Place: Publisher name, pp. page numbers

Edited book as a whole

In-text citation: first citation (Daniels, Lauder, & Porter, 2009), subsequent citation (Daniels et al., 2009)

Information to include Editor(s) surname, initials (Ed/Eds.). (year).  Title of edited book . Place: Publisher name.

Interview (conducted by another person)

If referring to an interview conducted by someone else that has been published in such as a newspaper or journal you can reference in the following way

In-text:  (Beard, 2012) 

Interview (conducted yourself)

If referring to an interview you have conducted as part of your research you should give a citation, perhaps also signposting the reader to a transcript attached as an appendix, and a full reference. Consideration also needs to be given to confidentiality and interviewee anonymity as appropriate.

In-text:  (Smith, 2012)

Journal article / paper

In-text:  (Selman, 2012)

Information to include Author(s) surname, initials. (year). Title of article / paper.  Name of journal , volume(issue), page numbers. Available at: DOI.

In the absence of a DOI add a URL instead.

If you are citing the print copy of a journal article / paper and not accessing it online, omit the DOI and end the reference after the page numbers.

Newspaper or magazine article

Newspaper or magazine article.

Include the most precise date of publication given - usually full date for newspaper articles, month and year for magazines.

In-text:  (Brady and Dutta, 2012; Clarkson, 2008)

Information to include Author surname and initial. (year). Title of article.  Name of newspaper/magazine . day month year, pp. page numbers.

Articles without named author

Give the name of the newspaper or magazine in place of the author name.

In-text:  (The Guardian, 2012)

Information to include Name of newspaper/magazine (year).  Editorial: Title of article,  day month year, pp. page numbers.

Online articles

In-text:  (Laurance, 2013)

Information to include Author surname and initial. (year). Title of article.  Name of newspaper/magazine . [Online] day month year. Available at: URL  [Accessed day month year].

Include Last updated: if the page is likely to be updated (eg, news sites)

Website with author

In-text:  (Peston, 2012)

Information needed: Author(s) name, initial. (year). Name of specific webpage.  [Online]. Name of full website. Last updated: day month year. Available at: URL [Accessed day month year].

Website without named author

In-text:  (St John Ambulance, 2011)

Information needed: Organisation. (year). Name of specific webpage.  [Online]. Name of full website. Last updated: day month year. Available at: URL [Accessed day month year].

Further sources

Examples of in-text citations and reference list entries for other source types.

Use these examples alongside the information given in the 'Guidance for all source types' box. Pay particular attention to the guidance on formatting for one, two or more authors.

Act of Parliament

In-text : (Education Act, 2011)

The (c.21) refers to the chapter, the number of the Act according to those passed during the parliamentary session.

In-text:  ( Master Atlas of Greater London , 2007)

Bibliography/ Reference List: 

In-text:  (Carswell, 2012)

Book illustration

In-text:  (Schwortz, 1978)

Book (translated to English)

If you are reading an English language version of a book originally published in another language follow this example.

In-text:  (Larsson, 2009)

Book (read in another language)

Follow this example if you need to reference a book that you read in another language.

In-text:  (Hoops, 1932)

To reference an example of case law you will need to know the abbreviation for the law report in which the case was published. This is usually provided in the citation for the case.

In-text:  ('Gray v Thames Trains Ltd', 2009)

Case study within a textbook or website

If the case study is within another publication, such as a textbook or website, you can either cite it as a chapter or a range of pages within that publication.

In-text:  (Burns, 2018)

Standalone case study

In-text:  (Graf and Wentland, 2017)

Computer application/program/software

In-text:  (Autodesk, 2011)

Conference papers & proceedings

Conference proceedings (full).

In-text:  (ALT-C, 2011)

Conference paper (unpublished)

In-text:  (Pettitt, 2008)

CD, CD-Rom or DVD

In-text:  (Gavin and Stacey, 2007)

Either cite the name of the film or the director

In-text:  (Lloyd, 2008) OR ( Mamma Mia , 2008)

In-text:  ( Beauty and the Beast , 2012)

Database (online, DVD or CD) with author

Change [Online] to [CD] or [DVD] if necessary.

In-text:  (Ralchenko, Kramida and Reader, 2011)

Database (online, DVD or CD) without named author

In-text:  ( Oxford language dictionaries online,  2007)

In-text:  (Larkham, 2011)

Dictionary or reference book

Dictionary/reference book with editor.

In-text:  (Marcovitch, 2005)

Dictionary/reference book without editor

In-text:  ( Paperback Oxford English dictionary , 2006)

E-book (online)

If page markers are not available on the e-book version you are using cite the chapter for specific references to the source (eg “…” (Schlick, 2010, ch.1)).

In-text: (Schlick, 2010)

E-book (using e-reader)

If viewing an e-book using an e-book reader it is important to reference the specific version of the publication for this reader. If page markers are not available on the e-book version you are using cite the chapter for specific references to the source (eg “quote” (Collins, 2011, ch.3)).

In-text:  (Collins, 2011)

In-text:  (Johnson, 2009)

Encyclopedia (full book or individual entry)

Encyclopedia (full book).

In-text:  ( Encyclopedia of consciousness,  2009)

Encyclopedia (single entry)

In-text:  (Brooks, 2004)

European Court of Justice case

In-text:  According to 'Karl Heinz Bablok and Others v. Freistaat Bayern' (2011)

European Union regulation

In-text:  This issue is covered in 'Council directive 1999/2/EC' (1999)

Film (movie)

Government publication (command paper, eg white paper, green paper).

In-text:  (Great Britain. Defra, 2007)

You can omit ‘Great Britain’ if you are only referring to UK central government publications and this will be clear to your reader. If you are referring to publications by devolved government bodies or to international government publications you should state the jurisdictions. The 'Cm. 7086' refers to the reference number given to this particular document. If you can locate the Cm. number you should include it.

Graph, chart, figure or table

Graph/chart/table/figure (print copy).

Give the title for the table/ figure etc and include a full in-text citation

In-text:  [INSERT IMAGE] The ‘Soloman four-group’ design (Field and Hole, 2010, p. 79, fig. 3.7)

Graph/Chart/Table/Figure (online)

In-text:  [INSERT IMAGE] Youths 16-24 claiming, March 2012 rate ( The Guardian,  2012).

In-text:  (HL Deb 23 July 2019)

In-text:  (Jones, 2011).

Lecture notes

In-text:  (Jones, 2011)

In-text:  (Johnson, 2011)

Each one will have titles and references within it or you can refer to the actual microfiche record number, where it is stored and when accessed. This is an example of conference proceedings.

In-text:  In-text: (AFIPS, 1968)

Musical performance (live)

In-text:  (Copland ,  2012)

Musical score

In-text:  (Puccini, 1980)

Online video (eg YouTube) & other online digital media

In-text:  (Cambridgeshire County Council/BBC, 2010)

Painting or visual work

In-text:  (Monet, 1889)

Pamphlet or booklet

In-text (first mention) : (Graduate Students' Association, 2011)

Parliamentary bill

In-text:  (Finance (No. 4) Bill, 2010-2012)

The HC stands for House of Commons, with HL being used for Bills originating in the House of Lords. The date represents the parliamentary session and the number in [ ] the number of the bill.

In-text:  (Berberet and Bates, 2008)

In-text:  (Jarche, 1931)

Play (live performance)

In-text:  (Lynn & Jay ,  2012)

Play (published script)

In-text:  (Webster, 1998)

Poem (in an anthology)

In-text:  (Bairstow, 1980)

In-text:   Waters admits in his interview on the WTF podcast (Maron, 2016) that his trip to Lebanon had a significant impact on him...

Works cited/ bibliography:

Preprint server

Journal article on a preprint server:

In-text:  (Basilio et al., 2023)

Radio programme

In-text:  (BBC Radio 4, 2008).

Religious & sacred texts

Neville (2010, p.161) suggests the following process for using religious or sacred works in your writing:

These include the Bible, Talmud, Koran, Upanishads, and major classical works, such as the ancient Greek and Roman works. If you are simply quoting a verse or extract, you do not need to give full reference entries. Instead, you should include the detail in the text of your assignment, for example:

The film script at this point echoes the Bible: ‘And God looked upon the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth’.

(Gen. 6:12) [the in-text citation is for the book of Genesis, chapter 6, verse 12]

However, if you were referring to a particular edition for a significant reason, it could be listed in full in the main references, eg:

Report (online)

In-text:  (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2008)

Report (hard copy)

In-text:  (Higher Education Academy, 2008)

Republished source

This format is for when you read a more recent version of an older work. In-text, the date of the original publication is given first, with the later version in [ ], with any page reference to this newer version following. In the bibliography/ reference list you give the date and details of the version you read, with the original publisher and date at the end of the reference.

In-text:  (Dickens, 1846 [2005], p.29)

In-text:  (Warner, 2008)

Sound recording (CD, vinyl, cassette)

In-text:  (Belle & Sebastian, 2003, track 8)

Source material where confidentiality is maintained

This should be used where it is important the institution from which the source originates should not be named, in to order protect corporate or individual confidentiality. For example, where a policy, procedure or care plan is being used.

In-text: (NHS Trust, 1999) or, for example: “This was in accordance with the NHS Trust's (Name withheld, 1999) disciplinary policy”.

Bibliography/ Reference List :

In-text:  (British Standards Institute, 2006)

Statutory instrument

In-text:  (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988)

Telephone conversation

In-text:  (Johnson, 2012)

Television programme

In-text:  ( Panorama : Britain's Crimes of Honour, 2012)

Text message

In-text:  (Johnson, 2007)

In-text:  (Chen, 2011)

In-text:  (ELDT, 2012)

In-text:  (Appropedia, 2011)

Use either the proper name of the author or X pseudonym. In the following example either (Trump, 2012) or (@realDonaldTrump, 2012) can be used in-text and in the Bibliography/ Reference List reference.

In-text: Trump (2012) went as far as to claim that the Chinese invented climate change in a post in 2012.

Bibliography/ Reference list:

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Finding Dissertations

• Finding NYU Dissertations
• Finding Dissertations from Other Institutions
• International Resources

NYU Dissertations Online

All dissertations completed at NYU are indexed in the online database  Dissertations and Theses Global. Users who wish to access NYU dissertations, especially dissertations completed since 1997, would be best served by searching this database. Many (but not all) dissertations will be available in full-text.

Dissertation Search Tip:

When searching the database, you can use the Advanced Search functions to limit your results to only dissertations completed at NYU or you can leave the "institution" field blank to search dissertations completed anywhere. 

Why can't I see the full-text? 

When dissertation authors submit their work to Dissertations and Theses Global , they have the option to  embargo the full-text for up to two years from that point. Authors may choose to embargo their dissertations for several reasons, for example, if they are planning to publish the dissertation (or a version of it) as a book. There are currently no options for NYU students to access the full-text of a dissertation if the author has chosen to embargo.  In some cases, the author can extend the embargo beyond 2 years. It is estimated that approximately 50% of dissertation authors at NYU choose to embargo.

Dissertations that have been embargoed will appear with the note, " At the request of the author, this graduate work is not available to view or purchase" in the upper right-hand corner of record.

• Dissertations & Theses Global This link opens in a new window Dissertations and Theses Global contains indexes, dissertations and some theses. Full-text is available for many dissertations and theses, including those from NYU.

NYU Dissertations in Hard Copy

NYU dissertations completed before 2007 are available in both print and microform at Bobst.

Bobst Library does not keep copies of any dissertations from the following programs:

• The Medical School and the Dental School maintain separate collections of their own dissertations
• Master's theses are not kept by Bobst Library. Check with the corresponding department or school to explore whether such theses are held.

Bound copies of dissertations are held offsite and must be requested through the catalog for delivery to the library.

Call number ranges for NYU dissertations (Dissertations from Tisch and Courant are under GSAS):

• LD 3907 .E3 - School of Education
• LD 3907 .G5 - Wagner School of Public Administration
• LD 3907 .G6 - Stern School of Business
• LD 3907 .G7 - Graduate School of Arts and Science (GSAS)
• LD 3907 .S3 - School of Social Work

Dissertations published before 2008 at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Wagner School of Public Administration, Stern School of Business, Silver School of Social Work, and Steinhardt School of Education are available on microform .

Using the Library Catalog to Find NYU Dissertations

If you already know the author or the title of the dissertation, you can search the Library Catalog with that information to locate our copy and either recall it from offsite storage or find it in the Microforms Center.

Search tip:

For those wishing to search Library Catalog for dissertations on certain subjects, perform an Advanced Search using the words "Dissertation" AND "[desired subject]."

• Search Library Catalog

Please note: NYU dissertations in the Proquest Dissertations & Global Theses database are indexed in Library Catalog regardless of whether or not they have been embargoed. Just because a dissertation record appears in the Library Catalog does not mean that it is available in full-text. 

Dissertations completed at NYU through 2007 are available on microform. Microform copies are located in the Microforms Center on LL2 of Bobst Library. These are arranged chronologically by school. Some of the older rolls of film contain more than one dissertation. These copies are each given a thesis number in chronological, alphabetical order. The thesis numbers are listed on each roll, corresponding to the cataloged location in the Library Catalog.

What are microforms?

Microforms are pieces of film that contain reproductions of magazines, journals, and other materials. Because newsprint and other types of paper often decay, microforms are used as a method of preserving content.  Microforms come in 2 formats: microfilm (on reels) and microfiche (sheets).

Where are the microforms?

Microforms are located on LL2 in the Microforms Reading Room.

Can I get help?

The Microforms Reading Room is staffed. In addition, notebooks with instructions are available.

Can I make copies?

All microform machines have printing capabilities; some machines also allow you to make PDFs.

Offsite Materials

Some of our materials are stored in an offsite facility. 

To get an item that is marked as offsite:

• Search for the item in the Library Catalog
• Click on the Title
• Click on the Availability Status/Call number link
• Click Request

Offsite materials usually arrive within 2 business days. You'll be notified once the item has arrived, and you can pick it up at the Circulation Desk.

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• Last Updated: Mar 29, 2024 1:48 PM
• URL: https://guides.nyu.edu/dissertations

ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

Home > HFA > ENGLISH > ENG_DISS

English Department Dissertations Collection

Current students, please follow this link to submit your dissertation.

Dissertations from 2023 2023

In Search of Middle Paths: Buddhism, Fiction, and the Secular in Twentieth-Century South Asia , Crystal Baines, English

Save Our Children: Discourses of Queer Futurity in the United States and South Africa, 1977-2010 , Jude Hayward-Jansen, English

Epistemologies of the Unknowable in Nineteenth-Century U.S. Literature , Maria Ishikawa, English

Revenge of the Nerds: Tech Masculinity and Digital Hegemony , Benjamin M. Latini, English

The Diasporic Mindset and Narrative Intersections of British Identity in Transnational Fiction , Joseph A. Mason, English

A 19TH CENTURY ETHNOGRAPHIC EXHIBIT UN/CAGED: NARRATIVES OF INFORMAL EMPIRE, AFROLATINIDAD, AND CONTEMPORARY ARTISTIC (RE)FRAMINGS , Celine G. Nader, English

Dissertations from 2022 2022

Writing the Aftermath: Uncanny Spaces of the Postcolonial , Sohini Banerjee, English

Science Fiction’s Enactment of the Encouragement, Process, and End Result of Revolutionary Transformation , Katharine Blanchard, English

LITERARY NEGATION AND MATERIALISM IN CHAUCER , Michelle Brooks, English

TRANSNATIONAL POLITICAL AND LITERARY ENCOUNTERS: THE IDEA OF AMERÍKA IN ICELANDIC FICTION, 1920–1990 , Jodie Childers, English

When Choices Aren't Choices: Academic Literacy Normativities in the Age of Neoliberalism , Robin K. Garabedian, English

Redefining Gender Violence: Radical Feminist Visions in Contemporary Ethnic American Women’s Fiction and Women of Color Activism 1990-2010 , Hazel Gedikli, English

Stories Women Carry: Labor and Reproductive Imaginaries of South Asia and the Caribbean , Subhalakshmi Gooptu, English

The Critical Workshop: Writing Revision and Critical Pedagogy in the Middle School Classroom , Andrea R. Griswold, English

Racial Poetics: Early Modern Race and the Form of Comedy , Yunah Kae, English

At the Limits of Empathy: Political Conflict and its Aftermath in Postcolonial Fiction , Saumya Lal, English

The Burdens and Blessings of Responsibility: Duty and Community in Nineteenth- Century America , Leslie Leonard, English

No There There: New Jersey in Multiethnic Writing and Popular Culture Since 1990 , Shannon Mooney, English

Ownership and Writer Agency in Web 2.0 , Thomas Pickering, English

Combating Narratives: Soldiering in Twentieth-Century African American and Latinx Literature , Stacy Reardon, English

“IT DON’T ‘MEAN’ A THING”: TIME AND THE READER IN JAZZ FICTIONAL NARRATIVE , Damien C. Weaver, English

SATURNINE ECOLOGIES: ENVIRONMENTAL CATASTROPHE IN THE EARLY MODERN WORLD, 1542-1688 , John Yargo, English

Dissertations from 2021 2021

"On Neptunes Watry Realmes": Maritime Law and English Renaissance Literature , Hayley Cotter, English

Theater of Exchange: The Cosmopolitan Stage of Jacobean London , Liz Fox, English

“The Badge of All Our Tribe”: Contradictions of Jewish Representation on the English Renaissance Stage , Becky S. Friedman, English

On Being Dispersed: The Poetics of Dehiscence from "We the People" to Abolition , Sean A. Gordon, English

Echoing + Resistant Imagining: Filipino Student Writing Under American Colonial Rule , Florianne Jimenez, English

When Your Words Are Someone Else's Money: Rhetorical Circulation, Affect, and Late Capitalism , Kelin E. Loe, English

Indigenous Impositions in Contemporary Culture: Knotting Ontologies, Beading Aesthetics, and Braiding Temporalities , Darren Lone Fight, English

NEGRITUDE FEMINISMS: FRANCOPHONE BLACK WOMEN WRITERS AND ACTIVISTS IN FRANCE, MARTINIQUE, AND SENEGAL FROM THE 1920S TO THE 1980S , Korka Sall, English

Negotiating Space: Spatial Violation on the Early Modern Stage, 1587-1638 , Gregory W. Sargent, English

Stranger Compass of the Stage: Difference and Desire in Early Modern City Comedy , Catherine Tisdale, English

Dissertations from 2020 2020

AFFECTIVE HISTORIES OF SOUTHERN TRAUMA: SHAME, HEALING, AND VULNERABILITY IN US SOUTHERN WOMEN’S WRITING, 1975–2006 , Faune Albert, English

Materially Queer: Identity and Agency in Academic Writing , Joshua Barsczewski, English

ANGELS WHO STEPPED OUTSIDE THEIR HOUSES: “AMERICAN TRUE WOMANHOOD” AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY (TRANS)NATIONALISMS , Gayathri M. Hewagama, English

WRITING AGAINST HISTORY: FEMINIST BAROQUE NARRATIVES IN INTERWAR ATLANTIC MODERNISM , Annaliese Hoehling, English

Passing Literacies: Soviet Immigrant Elders and Intergenerational Language Practice , Jenny Krichevsky, English

Lisa Ben and Queer Rhetorical Reeducation in Post-war Los Angeles , Katelyn S. Litterer, English

Daring Depictions: An Analysis of Risks and Their Mediation in Representations of Black Suffering , Russell Nurick, English

From Page to Program: A Study of Stakeholders in Multimodal First-Year Composition Curriculum and Program Design , Rebecca Petitti, English

Forms of the Future: Indigeneity, Blackness, and the Visioning Work of Aesthetics in U.S. Poetry, 1822-1863 , Magdalena Zapędowska, English

Dissertations from 2019 2019

Black Men Who Betray Their Race: 20TH Century Literary Representations of the Black Male Race Traitor , Gregory Coleman, English

“The Worlding Game”: Queer Ecological Perspectives in Modern Fiction , Sarah D'Stair, English

Afrasian Imaginaries: Global Capitalism and Labor Migration in Indian Ocean Fictions, 1990 – 2015 , Neelofer Qadir, English

Divided Tongues: The Politics and Poetics of Food in Modern Anglophone Indian Fiction , Shakuntala Ray, English

Globalizing Nature on the Shakespearean Stage , William Steffen, English

Gilded Chains: Global Economies and Gendered Arts in US Fiction, 1865-1930 , Heather Wayne, English

“ÆTHELTHRYTH”: SHAPING A RELIGIOUS WOMAN IN TENTH-CENTURY WINCHESTER , Victoria Kent Worth, English

Dissertations from 2018 2018

Sex and Difference in the Jewish American Family: Incest Narratives in 1990s Literary and Pop Culture , Eli W. Bromberg, English

Rhetorical Investments: Writing, Technology, and the Emerging Logics of the Public Sphere , Dan Ehrenfeld, English

Kiskeyanas Valientes en Este Espacio: Dominican Women Writers and the Spaces of Contemporary American Literature , Isabel R. Espinal, English

“TO WEIGH THE WORLD ANEW”: POETICS, RHETORIC, AND SOCIAL STRUGGLE, FROM SIDNEY’S ARCADIA TO SHAKESPEARE’S THEATER , David Katz, English

CIVIC DOMESTICITY: RHETORIC, WOMEN, AND SPACE AT HULL HOUSE, 1889-1910 , Liane Malinowski, English

Charting the Terrain of Latina/o/x Theater in Chicago , Priscilla M. Page, English

The Politics of Feeling and the Work of Belonging in US Immigrant Fiction 1990 - 2015 , Lauren Silber, English

Turning Inside Out: Reading and Writing Godly Identity in Seventeenth-Century Narratives of Spiritual Experience , Meghan Conine Swavely, English

Dissertations from 2017 2017

Tragicomic Transpositions: The Influence of Spanish Prose Romance on the Development of Early Modern English Tragicomedy , Josefina Hardman, English

“The Blackness of Blackness”: Meta-Black Identity in 20th/21st Century African American Culture , Casey Hayman, English

Waiting for Now: Postcolonial Fiction and Colonial Time , Amanda Ruth Waugh Lagji, English

Latina Identities, Critical Literacies, and Academic Achievement in Community College , Morgan Lynn, English

Demanding Spaces: 1970s U.S. Women's Novels as Sites of Struggle , Kate Marantz, English

Novel Buildings: Architectural and Narrative Form in Victorian Fiction , Ashley R. Nadeau, English

CATCH FEELINGS: CLASS AFFECT AND PERFORMATIVITY IN TEACHING ASSOCIATES' NARRATIVES , Anna Rita Napoleone, English

Dialogue and "Dialect": Character Speech in American Fiction , Carly Overfelt, English

Materializing Transfer: Writing Dispositions in a Culture of Standardized Testing , Lisha Daniels Storey, English

Theatres of War: Performing Queer Nationalism in Modernist Narratives , Elise Swinford, English

Dissertations from 2016 2016

Multimodal Assessment in Action: What We Really Value in New Media Texts , Kathleen M. Baldwin, English

Addictive Reading: Nineteenth-Century Drug Literature's Possible Worlds , Adam Colman, English

"The Book Can't Teach You That": A Case Study of Place, Writing, and Tutors' Constructions of Writing Center Work , Christopher Joseph DiBiase, English

Protest Lyrics at Work: Labor Resistance Poetry of Depression-Era Autoworkers , Rebecca S. Griffin, English

From What Remains: The Politics of Aesthetic Mourning and the Poetics of Loss in Contemporary African American Culture , Kajsa K. Henry, English

Minor Subjects in America: Everyday Childhoods of the Long Nineteenth Century , Gina M. Ocasion, English

Enduring Affective Rhetorics: Transnational Feminist Action in Digital Spaces , Jessica Ouellette, English

The School Desk and the Writing Body , Marni M. Presnall, English

Sustainable Public Intellectualism: The Rhetorics of Student Scientist-Activists , Jesse Priest, English

Prosthetizing the Soul: Reading, Seeing, and Feeling in Seventeenth-Century Devotion , Katey E. Roden, English

Dissertations from 2015 2015

“As Child in Time”: Childhood, Temporality, and 19th Century U.S. Literary Imaginings of Democracy , Marissa Carrere, English

A National Style: A Critical Historiography of the Irish Short Story , Andrew Fox, English

Homosexuality is a Poem: How Gay Poets Remodeled the Lyric, Community and the Ideology of Sex to Theorize a Gay Poetic , Christopher M. Hennessy, English

Affecting Manhood: Masculinity, Effeminacy, and the Fop Figure in Early Modern English Drama , Jessica Landis, English

Who Do You Think You Are?: Recovering the Self in the Working Class Escape Narrative , Christine M. Maksimowicz, English

Metabolizing Capital: Writing, Information, and the Biophysical World , Christian J. Pulver, English

Audible Voice in Context , Airlie S. Rose, English

The Role of Online Reading and Writing in the Literacy Practices of First-Year Writing Students , Casey Burton Soto, English

Dissertations from 2014 2014

RESURRECTION: REPRESENTATIONS OF THE BLACK CHURCH IN CONTEMPORARY POPULAR CULTURE , Rachel J. Daniel, English

Seeing Blindness: The Visual and the Great War in Literary Modernism , Rachael Dworsky, English

HERE, THERE, AND IN BETWEEN: TRAVEL AS METAPHOR IN MIXED RACE NARRATIVES OF THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE , Colin Enriquez, English

Interactive Audience and the Internet , John R. Gallagher, English

Down from the Mountain and into the Mill: Literacy Sponsorship and Southern Appalachian Women in the New South , Emma M. Howes, English

Transnational Gestures: Rethinking Trauma in U.S. War Fiction , Ruth A.H. Lahti, English

"A More Natural Mother": Concepts of Maternity and Queenship in Early Modern England , Anne-Marie Kathleen Strohman, English

Dissertations from 2013 2013

Letters to a Dictionary: Competing Views of Language in the Reception of Webster's Third New International Dictionary , Anne Pence Bello, English

Staging the Depression: The Federal Theatre Project's Dramas of Poverty, 1935-1939 , Amy Brady, English

Our Story Has Not Been Told in any Moment: Radical Black Feminist Theatre From The Old Left to Black Power , Julie M Burrell, English

Writing for Social Action: Affect, Activism, and the Composition Classroom , Sarah Finn, English

Surviving Domestic Tensions: Existential Uncertainty in New World African Diasporic Women's Literature , Denia M Fraser, English

From Feathers to Fur: Theatrical Representations of Skin in the Medieval English Cycle Plays , Valerie Anne Gramling, English

The Reflexive Scaffold: Metatheatricality, Genre, and Cultural Performance in English Renaissance Drama , Nathaniel C. Leonard, English

The World Inscribed: Literary Form, Travel, and the Book in England, 1580-1660 , Philip S Palmer, English

Shakespearean Signifiers , Marie H Roche, English

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Forget summer travel or lifeguarding. College student Sky Crabtree is ready to sharpen his journalism skills this summer with an internship at NBC 4 New York at 30 Rock.

The 19-year-old rising junior at Stony Brook University on Long Island will be working with the consumer reporting team for “Better Get Baquero,” monitoring tip lines, interviewing sources, logging video and more.

“Internships are necessary,” said Crabtree. “Classes give you the skills that you need to get the internship; you need to do well at the internship and then you can take those experiences and apply them to your classes.” Then, “you can take on more advanced projects and make yourself a better reporter. Everything benefits everything.”

Crabtree, a Bronx native and journalism and political science double major, anchors politics at the student-run TV station and edits the school newspaper. He also interned this spring at WSHU, the campus public radio station. “I want to expand my journalism reporting skills and meet all these amazing people at the news outlets NBC owns,” he said. “The more you can do and the bigger the outlet, the more advantages you’ll have over other graduates.”

Shawn VanDerziel — president and CEO of the National Association of Colleges and Employers, a professional association that connects college career services and recruiting professionals — agreed.

“Eighty percent of employers say that internships provide the best return on investment of any recruitment tool that they have for early career talent,” he said. “Internship experience is cited as the deciding factor between two candidates.”

Indeed, it even surpasses grade point average as a determining employment factor. “The vast majority of employers are not necessarily considering GPA as a screening mechanism — what they are looking for number one is generally internship experience,” said VanDerziel. “The bottom line is that employers, particularly for entry-level professionals, are looking for an educated workforce that has skills, ability and knowledge.”

To gain coveted skills, students should aim to pursue multiple internships as well as volunteer activities, leadership roles on campus, research with professors and more.

If so, “employers see the candidate as versatile, capable of learning quickly and able to effectively contribute to various projects and teams,” said Rosa Santana, director of career development and planning at Wagner College on Staten Island. “Multiple internships can significantly enhance a student’s portfolio and increase their competitiveness in the job market.”

VanDerziel pointed out that about 34% of internships will be in person and 60% will be hybrid. Very few will be fully remote. Hybrid opportunities offer students with flexibility “typically working three days in the office, two days virtually from the place of the intern’s choice,” said VanDerziel.

Sara Shepherd, director of employer relations at Mercy University in Dobbs Ferry, NY, said that student learning and development seems to be the strongest when most or all of the internship is on-site.

“In-person internships teach students not only about their field, but professional etiquette in their industry,” she said. “Additionally, the value of networking in an in-person internship can be lifelong.”

Regardless of location, pay is still vital. According to Brooklyn-based Jessica Vidal, assistant general counsel and human resources consultant at HR outsourcing solution provider Engage PEO , “Employers should pay interns at least the applicable minimum wage, pursuant to industry standards. For example, tech-finance employers must often pay interns far above the minimum wage to be competitive.”

Currently, the minimum wage in New York City, Westchester County and Long Island is $16 an hour.

Vidal said that typically there’s an internship agreement or offer letter. “The agreement should outline the terms of the internship including whether the intern will receive academic credit or compensation.”

Sometimes, interns may earn both.

“Unpaid interns may be receiving credit because they’re taking it alongside a course, but just because they are [getting credit] doesn’t mean they can’t be paid,” said VanDerziel.

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His latest data on this is that 60% of internships are paid and 40% are unpaid. Within unpaid internships, the majority fall within nonprofits, the government or small and midsize companies.

In this case, VanDerziel recommends talking to the campus career center to “utilize work-study dollars, scholarship funds that may be set aside for internships and a number of other ways to be a little more creative to ensure that the internship is funded. They [interns] can’t pay for coffee with a commemorative mug that they’ve received from an employer. They need more than that to set them up for success in life. There is a new day upon us by which we need to look at the fact that internships are work.”

The good news is that it’s not too late to apply for summer 2024 employment, since students may find last-minute opportunities, especially with small to midsize companies.

For aspiring journalist Crabtree, an internship is an important stepping stone.

“It’s going to help set me up to be more employable when I enter the workforce,” he said. “I don’t view it as optional.”

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Images of a Brazilian City Underwater

Torrential rains have caused one of Brazil’s worst floods in modern history, leaving more than 100 dead and nearly an entire state submerged.

An aerial view on Wednesday of one of the worst natural calamities to hit the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Credit... Nelson Almeida/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

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By Ana Ionova and Tanira Lebedeff

Ana Ionova reported from Rio de Janeiro, and Tanira Lebedeff from Porto Alegre, Brazil.

• May 8, 2024

Anderson da Silva Pantaleão was at the snack bar he owns last Friday when clay-colored water began filling the streets in the southern Brazilian city of Porto Alegre. Soon, it was rushing into his ground-floor shop. By 9 p.m., the water was up to his waist.

“Then the fear starts to hit,” he said. “You’re just trying not to drown.”

He dashed up to a neighbor’s home on the second floor, taking refuge for the next three nights, rationing water, cheese and sausage with two others. Members of the group slept in shifts, fearing another rush of water could take them by surprise in the dead of night.

On Monday, water began flooding the second floor, and they thought the worst. Then, a military boat arrived and rescued Mr. Pantaleão, 43. A day later, despite heavy rains, he was trying to go back on a rescue boat to search for friends who were still missing or stranded.

“I can’t leave them there,” he said. “The water is running out, the food is running out.”

Flood victims took shelter at a sports facility in the Menino Deus neighborhood of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The situation in southern Brazil, where heavy rains have caused flooding in hundreds of municipalities, may worsen with the arrival of new storms.

A man was rescued by military firefighters after the floods in Canoas, Brazil, on Saturday.

People charging their mobile phones outside a drugstore in the historic center of Porto Alegre, Brazil, after torrential storms devastated areas in Rio Grande do Sul State.

Brazil is grappling with one of its worst floods in recent history. Torrential rains have drenched the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, home to 11 million people, since late April and have triggered severe flooding that has submerged entire towns, blocked roads, broken a major dam and shut down the international airport until June.

At least 105 people have been killed and 130 others have been reported missing. The floods, which have stretched across most of Rio Grande do Sul’s 497 municipalities, have forced nearly 164,000 people from their homes.

In the state capital, Porto Alegre, a city of 1.3 million perched on the banks of the Guaiba River, streets were submerged in murky water and the airport was shuttered by the deluge, with flights canceled through the end of the month.

The river rose to over 16 feet this week, exceeding the previous high levels seen during a major flood in 1941 that paralyzed the city for weeks.

The flooding has blocked roads into the city and hampered deliveries of basic goods. Supermarkets were running out of bottled water on Tuesday, and some residents reported walking up to three miles in search of clean drinking water.

Many of those stranded awaited help on rooftops. Some took desperate measures to flee: When the shelter her family was staying in flooded, Ana Paula de Abreu, 40, swam to a rescue boat while grasping her 11-year-old son under one arm. Two residents of one Porto Alegre neighborhood used an inflatable mattress to pull at least 15 people out of their inundated homes.

Search crews, which include the authorities and volunteers, were scouring flooded areas and rescuing residents by boat and air. With nowhere to land, some helicopters have used winches to pull up people stranded by the flooding.

Barbara Fernandes, 42, a lawyer in Porto Alegre, spent hours on the scorching roof of her apartment building on Monday, waving a red rag and her crutches toward the sky. A rescue helicopter finally spotted her in the late afternoon.

“You just don’t know when they’ll come for you,” said Ms. Fernandes, who is recovering from surgery on her ankle and could not flee her building before the waters rose.

A cargo plane at the flooded Salgado Filho International Airport on Tuesday in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Residents were evacuated in a military vehicle from an area flooded by heavy rains, in Porto Alegre, Brazil, on Tuesday.

Cintia Santos was evacuated by bus from a flooded area on Tuesday in Eldorado do Sul.

Nearly 67,000 people were living in shelters across the state, while others have taken refuge in the homes of family or friends. Some people who had access to neither option were sleeping in their cars or on the streets in areas that were still dry.

“It seems like we’re living through the end of the world,” said Beatriz Belmontt Abel, 46, a nursing technician who was volunteering at a shelter in the city of Canoas, across the river from Porto Alegre. “I never imagined I would see this happen.”

In another shelter set up in a gym in Porto Alegre, volunteers distributed meals and clothes. Rows of mattresses lay on the floor, and cardboard boxes served as shelves. Those who had been rescued busied themselves sweeping the floor and making their temporary beds.

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who visited the region last week, pledged federal funds to help the rescue efforts. The state authorities have also announced aid to pay for search crews, health services and housing for those whose homes were destroyed or damaged by floodwaters.

Even as rescues continued, the authorities worried that the crisis could worsen because another wave of severe weather was expected in coming days. With a cold front buffeting the region, meteorologists have forecast heavy rains, hail, thunderstorms and winds over 60 miles per hour.

The states’s governor, Eduardo Leite, said the authorities were evacuating people from regions vulnerable to more turbulent weather. Some residents have refused to abandon their homes, fearing looting. Others have tried to return to their neighborhoods, hoping water levels will recede.

“It’s not time to go home,” Mr. Leite told reporters on Tuesday.

The flooding is the fourth weather-related crisis to hit Brazil’s southern region in less than a year. In September, 37 people were killed in Rio Grande do Sul by torrential rains and punishing winds caused by a cyclone.

People rescued from flooded areas in the Sao Joao neighborhood in Porto Alegre.

Floodwaters surrounded the Beira-Rio soccer stadium, home of the Sport Club Internacional, in Porto Alegre on Tuesday.

A flooded street in the Cidade Baixa neighborhood of Porto Alegre.

Climate experts say the region is reeling from the effects of El Niño, the cyclical climate phenomenon that can bring heavy rains to Brazil’s southern regions while causing drought in the Amazon rainforest.

But the effects of El Niño have been exacerbated by a mix of climate change, deforestation and haphazard urbanization, according to Mercedes Bustamante, an ecologist and professor at the University of Brasília.

“You’re really looking at a recipe for disaster,” said Dr. Bustamante, who has written several reports for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a body of experts convened by the United Nations.

For well over a decade, scientists have been warning policymakers that global warming would bring increased rains to this region.

As deforestation advances in the Amazon and elsewhere in Brazil, precipitation patterns are shifting and leading to more erratic rain patterns, according to Dr. Bustamante. As a result, rainfall is spread unevenly at times, drenching smaller areas or coming in torrential downpours over shorter periods.

Severe weather has also become more deadly in recent decades, as urban populations have grown and cities like Porto Alegre have pushed into forested areas that once acted as buffers against flooding and landslides, she added.

The latest floods caught Brazil “unprepared,” Dr. Bustamante noted, highlighting the need to make cities more resilient to climate change and develop response strategies that better protect residents from extreme weather events, which are bound to become more frequent.

“It is a tragedy that, unfortunately, has been coming for some time,” she said. “We hope that this serves as a call to action.”

People linked arms as others rescued from flooded areas arrived by boat in Porto Alegre on Tuesday.

Manuela Andreoni contributed reporting from New York.

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