human rights law essay questions

196 Human Rights Essay Topics & Examples

Human rights, the foundational pillars of a just society, go far beyond governments and cultures. In this collection of human rights research topics, explore the multifaceted dimensions of human rights, from historical struggles to contemporary debates. Try to understand the profound impact of human rights on societies and the pursuit of a better future.

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• Human Rights Violation in the World
• Human Rights and Feminist Perspectives in Social Work
• Human Rights: Historical and Conceptual Evolution
• Human Rights Role in International Relations
• Privacy as a Basic Human Right
• Human Rights in Contemporary World
• The Nature of Human Rights
• Having Children as a Human Right The massive significance of parenthood as a concept raises the question of whether people should be entitled to have children as a part of their basic set of rights.
• Feminist Movement: Women’s Rights Are Human Rights Women across the globe deserve a voice and equal human rights, and they should be appreciated, and their contributions to society acknowledged.
• Universal Conception of Human Rights and Its Challenges Human rights are intercontinental customs, which dictate and determine how different countries handle their citizens and residents.
• The Right to Healthcare as a Basic Human Right This paper argues for the implementation of a universal healthcare system in the United States and emphasizes that healthcare is a basic human right.
• Discrimination and Human Rights Laws The paper discusses solutions of closing the gap between the reality of ongoing oppression and discrimination and the promises held out by our human rights laws.
• Human Rights in Sociology and Philosophy The concept of human rights is among the most popular issues throughout the world in contemporary society today.
• The Issue of Human Rights Violation This paper states that human rights violation remains a significant issue. Aligning them with the current forms of human mistreatment is necessary.
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Constructivists’ Views Constructivists’ views better than other approaches explain why such an initiative as the development of the declaration of universal human rights was even possible.
• Slavery and Human Rights Violation The work presents three stories from various time periods and places, but they are common in the fact that, due to greed, some people are ready to sacrifice all human qualities.
• Government Responsibility Regarding Human Rights This paper discusses the primary responsibility of governments in promoting and protecting human rights and outlines legal instruments and conventions that governments use.
• Human Rights and Gender Issues: “The Love Suicides at Amijima” & “Tale of Kieu” Comparing “The Love Suicides at Amijima” and “Tale of Kieu”, while representing different time periods, addresses the same problem of human rights and gender inequalities.
• UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights The U.N. Guiding Principles are a necessary but still insufficiently effective tool to protect human rights from large business structures.
• Understanding Human Rights: Labor Rights in a Globalizing World and Gender Rights Labour rights are human rights which encompass “the right to collective bargaining; the elimination of forced and slave labour.
• Prisoners’ Human Rights Protection For the protection of human rights in prisons, it is important to examine the existing practices and incorporate the knowledge about the methods of promoting social justice.
• Role of Civil Society in Realization of Human Rights This essay discusses how civil bodies interact with the state to guarantee fundamental rights and freedoms in socio-political and economic facades.
• Responsibility of Mltinational Corporations in the Field of Human Rights Multinational corporations in the field of Human Rights have great power, force, potency, or effect in the entities of the current world order.
• Human Rights: Social Relations and State and Citizens Relations Human rights play a crucial role in social relations and relations between the state and citizens. In the integral approach human rights are not made subservient to any ideology.
• The Fundamental Human Rights Speech Human rights, in plain terms, are the entitlement to the fundamental rights that are given to every individual. We are given these rights, which we retain until we die.
• A Form of Discrimination and Human Rights Violations Based on the relevance of the problem, models and methods of assistance to victims of domestic violence have been developed.
• Civil Rights Movement and Actual State of Human Rights Ending racial discrimination and equalization of rights between the variety of ethnic groups found on the territory of the United States is a struggle with a long history.
• Human Trafficking as Violation of Human Rights Human trafficking is a heinous issue that is very serious and dangerous for our society. It is widely known that human trafficking has become an expanding issue across the world.
• Are Human Rights Universal? The author argues that the concept of “human rights” serves as an instrument of political propaganda, and not a legal mechanism for protecting the well-being of people.
• Human Rights Violation During Hong Kong Protests This paper discusses the violation of human rights as applied to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and applied to the context of the Hong Kong protests in 2019.
• Donald Trump’s Policies of Poverty and Human Rights One of the events related to an acute social issue of poverty in the United States involves the U.N. report on extreme U.S. poverty and human rights in the context of Donald Trump’s policies.
• Networked Society: Connectivity as a Human Right The media text focuses on the collaborative aspect of the internet in which people are able to add their own ideas, assumptions and create their own content for public viewing.
• Violation of the Human Right to Life: Death Penalty The problem of the death penalty cannot be separated from the general concept of human rights as it violates the paramount right of a human to life.
• Human Rights in United Arab Emirates The constitution of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) officially recognizes different rights and freedoms which its citizens and foreigners are entitled to.
• Slavery as a Human Rights Issue The paper argues slavery in underdeveloped countries, especially Africa, continues to be a pressing and contemporary problem.
• Human Rights and Freedom in Modern Society
• Citizen Journalism Protects Human Rights
• Human Development and Human Rights: South African Country Study
• The Black Lives Matter’s Fight for Human Rights in America
• The Black Lives Matter and Philosophies of Henry Shue and Thomas Pogge on Human Rights
• The Different Human Rights Violation in China
• The Bottled Water Industry and the Violation of Human Rights on a Global
• Government Reforms and Basic Human Rights
• The Death Penalty and Violations of Human Rights
• The Challenges and Struggles of Viola Desmond to Fight for Equal Human Rights
• Exploring the Relationship Between Military Spending & Human Rights Performance in South Asia
• How Effective Does the Human Rights Act 1998 Promotes
• Examining Coca Cola Human Rights Violations in Colombia
• The International Courts and Tribunals’ Success in Upholding Human Rights
• The Similarities and Differences in the Level of Development, Human Rights Protection, and Environmental Conditions Between the North and South
• Civil and Human Rights: Excessive Use of Force
• The History and Role of the Human Rights Watch, a Nonprofit Human Rights Organization
• Humanitarian Intervention and Human Rights Violationss
• Human Rights and Justice: Forms and Mechanisms of Oppression
• The Violation and Protection of Human Rights in Society
• Human Rights from a Historical Perspective Recognizing the value of human rights guarantees that arbitrariness will not be tolerated and that democracy exists in society.
• Human Rights Related to Immigration The essay discusses human rights related to immigration and analyzes if there are any ways to improve the situation of migrants.
• Business Practices and Human Rights Human rights refer to the fundamental rights of every human being, irrespective of race, sex, religion, political affiliation, social standing or any other feature.
• Human Rights in Brunei: Impact of Cultural Practices Human rights and culture contradict because of their origins, and for a country like Brunei, Islamic culture will undoubtedly affect the rights of women and LGBT+ people.
• Healthcare as a Basic Human Right The right to have unlimited access to healthcare services is linked inseparably to the right to live, which is why accessibility to healthcare must be regarded as a human right.
• The 1807 Abolition Bill: Continuing Human Rights Struggle A research question concerns the effectiveness of the 1807 Bill in the fight against slavery and its contribution to the further fight against the issue.
• Human Rights Violations and Prosecutions of Perpetrators This paper discusses the challenges associated with human rights violations regarding international programs and the conditions under which prosecution is not effective.
• Human Rights and Discrimination Discrimination is against human rights and should be condemned because it has negative effects such as reduced productivity, feelings of anger, and anxiety.
• Recognition of Human Rights for LGBT Individuals The paper discusses the importance of studying the issue of LGBTQ people discrimination, including its causes, harmful effects, and current state.
• American Freedom and Human Rights American spirit consists of a dream of innocence and freedom. It is every American’s duty to create justice, and every person has the power to do so.
• History, Oppression and Human Rights Violation in India The caste system is not entirely eliminated and still exists in modern-day India expressed in property ownership and governance.
• Human Rights and Public’s Right to Know The issue of sharing every kind of information with members of the public remains sensitive and capable of affecting the interests of both citizens and governments.
• Freedom of Speech: The Basic Human Right Freedom of speech allows everyone to receive and impart information. People and communities should articulate their thoughts and ideas without fear of any form of intimidation.
• Violations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in China China has a long history of suppressing authors and freedom of speech. Liu Xiaobo is a literary critic, known for their participation in the social and political spheres.
• Social Inequality and Human Rights in the Modern World This paper theorize civil rights to be the basis of developing the main social fields of education, healthcare, and career opportunities.
• Bartolome De Las Casas and Human Rights in the Age of Exploration Bartolome De Las Casas was a pivotal factor in the emergence of what is currently termed human rights principles, as shown by his deeds and ideas.
• Human Rights in China and the USA Every country has a different attitude toward human rights. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problem of human rights in China and the USA.
• The Abortion Issue Regarding Human Rights This article raises the question of how people should determine what rights should be guaranteed by the constitution and what rights are core rights from birth.
• Black Sports Activism: Olympic Project for Human Rights Black activism has been fundamental in reducing institutional racism and the mistreatment of African-Americans’ rights in the larger society.
• Human Rights and Labor Laws Violations in Foreign Countries This discussion explores the situation in Chile and China, where workers have experienced labor laws and human rights violations in recent times.
• Indigenous People and Human Rights This work examines what rights a person has in the process of acculturation, how acculturation affects the indigenous people of many countries, its tendencies in the modern world.
• Human Rights and the Burqa Ban in France This paper expounding on how the affected French citizens may go about opposing the ‘burqa ban’ in the court of law.
• Human Rights Under Russian Leadership Human rights are among the essential norms which standardize human behavior and are protected by local and international laws.
• The Universality of Human Rights “Human rights are “universal” rights in the sense that they are held “universally” by all human beings”. This report discusses the universality of human rights.
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The current paper reflects these rights to understand their impact on ending atrocities of unpleasant events that occurred in the past, such as war.
• Human Rights as an Essential Part of the Societal Structure Human rights are vital to any social structure as they create guidelines for the people based on their needs and desires.
• Human Rights in Brown v. Board of Education Case The Brown v. Board of Education case was a fundamental court decision since it secured the rights of millions of children but also the rights of the African American population.
• Human Subjects Protection: International and Regional Human Rights Standards Any clinical expertise must be integrated with the best possible scientific evidence. Otherwise, it is impossible to provide patients with all the needed options.
• Medicine and Public Health, Ethics and Human Rights Nowadays one can observe the tense connection between public health, medicine, human rights, and ethics; it can be explained by a number of medical challenges, etc.
• Human Rights and International Trade Human rights in international trade precipitated the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which caters to the welfare of the workers and other interest groups.
• The Issues of Public Health, Ethics, and Human Rights Human awareness of medical care limits, the recognition of societal structure influence, etc. provide a wide link between healthy vision and ethical norms perception.
• The Human Right to Equality and Racial Issues in the US This paper examines the issue of the human right to equality and non-discrimination, which is in question in the United States.
• UK Anti-Terrorism Strategy and the Human Rights Implications on its Implementation The prevention of terrorism has been given a higher priority, and the new legislation has drawn on new instruments equivalent to the European levels.
• The Convention for Safeguarding the Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom of the EU Citizens The convention for safeguarding the Human rights and fundamental freedom of the EU citizens were drawn up by the European Council on November 4th, 1950, and enforced in 1953.
• Human Rights Cities: Mountain View This blog post describes the records and the solutions of Mountain View city’s compliances to the global universal rights of an individual.
• The Mutual Relationship Between the Fields of Human Rights and Environmental Protection
• The Relationship Between Intellectual Property and Human Rights International Law
• The Constitution and the Declaration of Human Rights
• The Concepts and Significance of Human Rights in Society
• Children, Guantanamo Bay and the Violation of Human Rights
• Civil Liberties and Violations of Human Rights
• The Reason Why Countries Signed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• Human Rights and Latin American Indigenous Women
• How the Death Penalty Is Against Our Human Rights
• The Criminal Defence and Human Rights Lawyer
• Effective Practices for Infusing Human Rights
• How Being Homeless Affects an Individual’s Human Rights
• Gay Marriage: The Recognition of Equal Human Rights
• The Black Codes: Limiting Basic Human Rights and Civil Liberties of Blacks
• Human Rights and International Investment Law
• Exponential Innovation and Human Rights: Implications for Science and Technology Diplomacy
• The World Struggle for Human Rights and the Rights of Self
• Child Soldiers Are Abused and Deprived of Human Rights
• Business and Human Rights: The Evolving International Agenda
• Development and Human Rights as Addressed by Bolivian President Evo Morales
• Human Rights Violation in Ethiopia The purpose of this paper is to draw the public’s attention to the terrifying events that are happening in Ethiopia and demand justice and freedom for the Oromo people.
• Affordable Care Act as a Fundamental Human Right Healthcare should be recognized as a fundamental human right, which can be based on a new Medicare for All program to be cost-effective and affordable.
• Declaration of Human Rights Influence on Government In this article, the author examines the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its impact on the governments.
• Human Rights and the Rwandan Genocide In the first half of 1994, Rwanda lost approximately 800,000 citizens due to tribal clashes that led to what is referred to now as the Rwandan Genocide.
• Immigrants Human Rights Violation in the United States The research question addresses the need to halt family separations at the border by launching long-term cooperation with other states, such as Mexico.
• Ethical Cases: Human Rights To Decide on One’s Life From medical ethics, care providers must follow the principles of autonomy and beneficence, but they are opposed to each other in these ethical cases.
• Human Trafficking: International Human Rights International human rights law defines human trafficking as the violation of an individual’s right to liberty through appropriation of their legal personality, labor and humanity.
• Global Human Rights Progress and the Role of National Cultural Value Systems This paper aims to investigate arguments in favor and against the claim that there has been progressing in developing global human rights over the last twenty years.
• Human Rights Violations in Hong Kong The article is about the arrest of district councilor Cheng Lai-king on March 26, 2020, after being accused of seditious intent.
• Confucianism and Human Rights Development The work highlights the main ideas of Confucianism, describes how it has changed over time under the influence of Western culture and what impact it has on our lives.
• Sudan, Oil, War, and Human Rights This paper aims to address the main issues for why despite the end of the formal conflict in Sudan; global human rights actors have remained unable to stop the war-like patterns.
• Human Rights Problem of Domestic Help in El Salvador The condition of human rights in El Salvador concerning the domestic helps has been steadily deteriorating over the years
• Human Rights Conservation and the War on Terror Public Safety is the concept of governmental organizations concerned with protecting their citizens from all kinds of threats.
• Cultural Relativism, Universal Jurisdiction and Human Rights The Human Rights area of different countries has its own peculiar features and structure. Human Rights are the result of people’s fight for independence.
• Modern World Politics and the Cause of Human Rights Human rights, democracy and terrorism act as a triangle which bounds modern world politics to a certain limitation.
• Circumcision as a Human Rights Issue in the US Circumcision can be considered one of the disputable practices that are still used on infants because of outdated believes and issues.
• Remote Sensing to Monitor Human Rights Violations The use of modern technologies provides multiple options for various agencies that assess situations regarding human rights and their violations.
• Circumcision: Ethical Dilemma and Human Rights Circumcision is a complex phenomenon that can result in ethical dilemmas. To put it simply, circumcision consists of surgical operations on female and male genitals.
• Same-Sex Marriages and Human Rights Many people acknowledge that same-sex marriage is something that should be analyzed using this law. This discussion gives my personal perspective of this issue.
• Human Rights, Globalization and Economic Development Based on Bryzk’s definition of globalization, it is clear that a globalized world makes it easy to have a free flow of information and ideas across the border.
• Universal Human Rights in Political Ideologies The major contention of Communitarian with the ideologies of Universalism can be traced to the major element that each ideology advocates.
• Human Rights in Israel-Gaza and West Bank Regions The conflict in the Gaza region was a violation of human rights because the sovereignty of the state was not respected by foreign powers.
• Human Rights Advocates vs. Terrorism Victims In this study, we seek to find out the implication of terrorism on human rights and the impact of terrorism on global security.
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Crises This paper gives a detailed analysis of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights from different perspectives.
• High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Human Rights The focus of this assignment is the use of high-resolution satellite imagery for detecting mass graves in Sheberghan, an area in Afghanistan.
• Childhood Obesity Study, Ethics, and Human Rights The present paper discusses ethical considerations and plans in the protection of human rights in the childhood obesity issue, possible limitations, and implications of the study.
• W. Kymlicka on Human Rights and Culture Protection Every society has a distinct culture that differentiates it from others and members of the society can interact freely even if they are from different cultural backgrounds.
• Canada’s Commitment to Human Rights Principles Human rights refer to those aspects that uphold the outmost virtues of humankind. This paper is an evaluation of Canada’s commitment to human rights principles.
• Islamic State and Values of Human Rights This paper gives a reflection and analysis of Islamic culture using the ideas gained from the movie “Islam in America”.
• Heart Failure Study and Human Rights Protection The present paper discusses ethical considerations and plans in the protection of human rights during the study on congestive heart failure (CHF) patients post-discharge.
• Canadian Studies: Sexuality and Human Rights The history of Canada cannot be imagined without a chapter of same-sex struggle that, in many ways, defined the development of ethical principles of the country.
• Human Rights and Ethnic Groups in American History The paper argues that the United States protects human rights and minority ethnic groups. It discusses American history, its political, economic, and civil rights aspects.
• The Human Rights Act as a Protection Tool in the UK The HRA (Human Rights Act) was introduced in the UK in 1998 as a means of implementing an internal judicial method of addressing human rights concerns.
• Universal Human Rights and Cultural Values The universality of human rights is a question for debate because of the impact of cultures on people’s acceptation and interpretation of these rights.
• Circumcision: Medical, Ethical and Human Rights Issues Human genitals is a matter that is to be treated with utmost care. Genital mutilations are mainly referred to as “a cultural practice”.
• The Gay Human Rights: Harvey Milk Contributions Harvey Milk and his contribution in the struggle to preserve gay human rights are discussed from a theoretical perspective. This paper provides an in-depth understanding of gay human rights.
• Human Rights and Development: The Antithesis of Armed Conflicts and War
• The Coca-Cola Company’s Abuse of Its Employees Through the Violation of the Code of Human Rights
• How Has the Human Rights Act Affected Parliamentary Supremacy
• Community Service Can Restore Social Justice and Uphold Human Rights
• Human Rights Act and Parliamentary Sovereignty
• Human Rights and Freedom of Expression and Opinion
• Human Rights and Criminal Justice in the United Kingdom
• How Far Has the Government Gone to Compromise Our Basic Human Rights
• Does Mental Health Treatment Infringe Human Rights?
• The Link Between Corruption and Human Rights Violations
• Are New Democracies Better Human Rights Compliers
• Connection Between Democracy and Human Rights
• Ethical and Philosophical Nature of Human Rights
• The Connection Between Torture and Sin as a Theological Theme in the Conference Torture, Human Rights, War on Terror
• The Pros and Cons of the Declaration of Human Rights
• China Internet Censorship Against Human Rights
• Human Rights and Civil Liberties in Canada
• Examining the Links Between Human Rights and Different Models of Disability in Education
• How Does Being Homeless Affect an Individual‘s Human Rights?
• How Far Has the Government Gone to Compromise Our Basic Human Rights?
• Are Security and Human Rights Mutually Exclusive?
• Are Human Rights Issues Valid?
• How Has Globalization Impacted Human Rights?
• How Can Community Service Improve Human Rights and Our Society as a Whole?
• How Did the Development of Human Rights Affect the Caste System in India?
• Are Human Rights Practices Improving?
• Are Human Rights Innate and Universal?
• Are Human Rights “Subversive to the Current” Society of States?
• How Does Human Rights Affect Multi-National Companies on Their Marketing Strategies?
• Does the Canadian Charter Effectively Protect Our Human Rights?
• Are Bangladeshi Women Enjoying Human Rights Properly?
• Are Human Rights Infringed in Treatments for Mental Health?
• Does Terrorism Threaten Human Rights?
• Are Human Rights Truly Universal?
• Are Human Rights Universal and Does It Matter?
• Does the Human Rights Act Protect Civil Liberties?
• Does the Terrorism Act Infringe Upon Our Human Rights?
• Are Human Rights Human?
• How Effectively Does the Human Rights Act 1998 Promote?
• Are Rich Nations Violating the Human Rights of the World’s Poor?
• Are Human Rights Universal Philosophy?
• Are Human Rights and Economic Well-Being Substitutes?
• Are Human Rights Protected?
• Are New Democracies Better Human Rights Compliers?
• Does the Human Rights Act 1998 Promote or Hinder Democracy?
• Are Worker Rights Human Rights?
• Does the WTO Violate Human Rights?

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StudyCorgi. (2021, September 9). 196 Human Rights Essay Topics & Examples. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/human-rights-essay-topics/

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StudyCorgi . "196 Human Rights Essay Topics & Examples." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/human-rights-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "196 Human Rights Essay Topics & Examples." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/human-rights-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Human Rights were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 21, 2024 .

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Essay on Human Rights: Samples in 500 and 1500

• Updated on  
• Dec 9, 2023

Essay writing is an integral part of the school curriculum and various academic and competitive exams like IELTS , TOEFL , SAT , UPSC , etc. It is designed to test your command of the English language and how well you can gather your thoughts and present them in a structure with a flow. To master your ability to write an essay, you must read as much as possible and practise on any given topic. This blog brings you a detailed guide on how to write an essay on Human Rights , with useful essay samples on Human rights.

This Blog Includes:

The basic human rights, 200 words essay on human rights, 500 words essay on human rights, 500+ words essay on human rights in india, 1500 words essay on human rights, importance of human rights, essay on human rights pdf.

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Also Read: 1-Minute Speech on Human Rights for Students

What are Human Rights

Human rights mark everyone as free and equal, irrespective of age, gender, caste, creed, religion and nationality. The United Nations adopted human rights in light of the atrocities people faced during the Second World War. On the 10th of December 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Its adoption led to the recognition of human rights as the foundation for freedom, justice and peace for every individual. Although it’s not legally binding, most nations have incorporated these human rights into their constitutions and domestic legal frameworks. Human rights safeguard us from discrimination and guarantee that our most basic needs are protected.

Did you know that the 10th of December is celebrated as Human Rights Day ?

Before we move on to the essays on human rights, let’s check out the basics of what they are.

Also Read: What are Human Rights?

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Here is a 200-word short sample essay on basic Human Rights.

Human rights are a set of rights given to every human being regardless of their gender, caste, creed, religion, nation, location or economic status. These are said to be moral principles that illustrate certain standards of human behaviour. Protected by law , these rights are applicable everywhere and at any time. Basic human rights include the right to life, right to a fair trial, right to remedy by a competent tribunal, right to liberty and personal security, right to own property, right to education, right of peaceful assembly and association, right to marriage and family, right to nationality and freedom to change it, freedom of speech, freedom from discrimination, freedom from slavery, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of movement, right of opinion and information, right to adequate living standard and freedom from interference with privacy, family, home and correspondence.

Also Read: Law Courses

Check out this 500-word long essay on Human Rights.

Every person has dignity and value. One of the ways that we recognise the fundamental worth of every person is by acknowledging and respecting their human rights. Human rights are a set of principles concerned with equality and fairness. They recognise our freedom to make choices about our lives and develop our potential as human beings. They are about living a life free from fear, harassment or discrimination.

Human rights can broadly be defined as the basic rights that people worldwide have agreed are essential. These include the right to life, the right to a fair trial, freedom from torture and other cruel and inhuman treatment, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to health, education and an adequate standard of living. These human rights are the same for all people everywhere – men and women, young and old, rich and poor, regardless of our background, where we live, what we think or believe. This basic property is what makes human rights’ universal’.

Human rights connect us all through a shared set of rights and responsibilities. People’s ability to enjoy their human rights depends on other people respecting those rights. This means that human rights involve responsibility and duties towards other people and the community. Individuals have a responsibility to ensure that they exercise their rights with consideration for the rights of others. For example, when someone uses their right to freedom of speech, they should do so without interfering with someone else’s right to privacy.

Governments have a particular responsibility to ensure that people can enjoy their rights. They must establish and maintain laws and services that enable people to enjoy a life in which their rights are respected and protected. For example, the right to education says that everyone is entitled to a good education. Therefore, governments must provide good quality education facilities and services to their people. If the government fails to respect or protect their basic human rights, people can take it into account.

Values of tolerance, equality and respect can help reduce friction within society. Putting human rights ideas into practice can help us create the kind of society we want to live in. There has been tremendous growth in how we think about and apply human rights ideas in recent decades. This growth has had many positive results – knowledge about human rights can empower individuals and offer solutions for specific problems.

Human rights are an important part of how people interact with others at all levels of society – in the family, the community, school, workplace, politics and international relations. Therefore, people everywhere must strive to understand what human rights are. When people better understand human rights, it is easier for them to promote justice and the well-being of society. 

Also Read: Important Articles in Indian Constitution

Here is a human rights essay focused on India.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. It has been rightly proclaimed in the American Declaration of Independence that “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Created with certain unalienable rights….” Similarly, the Indian Constitution has ensured and enshrined Fundamental rights for all citizens irrespective of caste, creed, religion, colour, sex or nationality. These basic rights, commonly known as human rights, are recognised the world over as basic rights with which every individual is born.

In recognition of human rights, “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was made on the 10th of December, 1948. This declaration is the basic instrument of human rights. Even though this declaration has no legal bindings and authority, it forms the basis of all laws on human rights. The necessity of formulating laws to protect human rights is now being felt all over the world. According to social thinkers, the issue of human rights became very important after World War II concluded. It is important for social stability both at the national and international levels. Wherever there is a breach of human rights, there is conflict at one level or the other.

Given the increasing importance of the subject, it becomes necessary that educational institutions recognise the subject of human rights as an independent discipline. The course contents and curriculum of the discipline of human rights may vary according to the nature and circumstances of a particular institution. Still, generally, it should include the rights of a child, rights of minorities, rights of the needy and the disabled, right to live, convention on women, trafficking of women and children for sexual exploitation etc.

Since the formation of the United Nations , the promotion and protection of human rights have been its main focus. The United Nations has created a wide range of mechanisms for monitoring human rights violations. The conventional mechanisms include treaties and organisations, U.N. special reporters, representatives and experts and working groups. Asian countries like China argue in favour of collective rights. According to Chinese thinkers, European countries lay stress upon individual rights and values while Asian countries esteem collective rights and obligations to the family and society as a whole.

With the freedom movement the world over after World War II, the end of colonisation also ended the policy of apartheid and thereby the most aggressive violation of human rights. With the spread of education, women are asserting their rights. Women’s movements play an important role in spreading the message of human rights. They are fighting for their rights and supporting the struggle for human rights of other weaker and deprived sections like bonded labour, child labour, landless labour, unemployed persons, Dalits and elderly people.

Unfortunately, violation of human rights continues in most parts of the world. Ethnic cleansing and genocide can still be seen in several parts of the world. Large sections of the world population are deprived of the necessities of life i.e. food, shelter and security of life. Right to minimum basic needs viz. Work, health care, education and shelter are denied to them. These deprivations amount to the negation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Also Read: Human Rights Courses

Check out this detailed 1500-word essay on human rights.

The human right to live and exist, the right to equality, including equality before the law, non-discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, and equality of opportunity in matters of employment, the right to freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, the right to practice any profession or occupation, the right against exploitation, prohibiting all forms of forced labour, child labour and trafficking in human beings, the right to freedom of conscience, practice and propagation of religion and the right to legal remedies for enforcement of the above are basic human rights. These rights and freedoms are the very foundations of democracy.

Obviously, in a democracy, the people enjoy the maximum number of freedoms and rights. Besides these are political rights, which include the right to contest an election and vote freely for a candidate of one’s choice. Human rights are a benchmark of a developed and civilised society. But rights cannot exist in a vacuum. They have their corresponding duties. Rights and duties are the two aspects of the same coin.

Liberty never means license. Rights presuppose the rule of law, where everyone in the society follows a code of conduct and behaviour for the good of all. It is the sense of duty and tolerance that gives meaning to rights. Rights have their basis in the ‘live and let live’ principle. For example, my right to speech and expression involves my duty to allow others to enjoy the same freedom of speech and expression. Rights and duties are inextricably interlinked and interdependent. A perfect balance is to be maintained between the two. Whenever there is an imbalance, there is chaos.

A sense of tolerance, propriety and adjustment is a must to enjoy rights and freedom. Human life sans basic freedom and rights is meaningless. Freedom is the most precious possession without which life would become intolerable, a mere abject and slavish existence. In this context, Milton’s famous and oft-quoted lines from his Paradise Lost come to mind: “To reign is worth ambition though in hell/Better to reign in hell, than serve in heaven.”

However, liberty cannot survive without its corresponding obligations and duties. An individual is a part of society in which he enjoys certain rights and freedom only because of the fulfilment of certain duties and obligations towards others. Thus, freedom is based on mutual respect’s rights. A fine balance must be maintained between the two, or there will be anarchy and bloodshed. Therefore, human rights can best be preserved and protected in a society steeped in morality, discipline and social order.

Violation of human rights is most common in totalitarian and despotic states. In the theocratic states, there is much persecution, and violation in the name of religion and the minorities suffer the most. Even in democracies, there is widespread violation and infringement of human rights and freedom. The women, children and the weaker sections of society are victims of these transgressions and violence.

The U.N. Commission on Human Rights’ main concern is to protect and promote human rights and freedom in the world’s nations. In its various sessions held from time to time in Geneva, it adopts various measures to encourage worldwide observations of these basic human rights and freedom. It calls on its member states to furnish information regarding measures that comply with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights whenever there is a complaint of a violation of these rights. In addition, it reviews human rights situations in various countries and initiates remedial measures when required.

The U.N. Commission was much concerned and dismayed at the apartheid being practised in South Africa till recently. The Secretary-General then declared, “The United Nations cannot tolerate apartheid. It is a legalised system of racial discrimination, violating the most basic human rights in South Africa. It contradicts the letter and spirit of the United Nations Charter. That is why over the last forty years, my predecessors and I have urged the Government of South Africa to dismantle it.”

Now, although apartheid is no longer practised in that country, other forms of apartheid are being blatantly practised worldwide. For example, sex apartheid is most rampant. Women are subject to abuse and exploitation. They are not treated equally and get less pay than their male counterparts for the same jobs. In employment, promotions, possession of property etc., they are most discriminated against. Similarly, the rights of children are not observed properly. They are forced to work hard in very dangerous situations, sexually assaulted and exploited, sold and bonded for labour.

The Commission found that religious persecution, torture, summary executions without judicial trials, intolerance, slavery-like practices, kidnapping, political disappearance, etc., are being practised even in the so-called advanced countries and societies. The continued acts of extreme violence, terrorism and extremism in various parts of the world like Pakistan, India, Iraq, Afghanistan, Israel, Somalia, Algeria, Lebanon, Chile, China, and Myanmar, etc., by the governments, terrorists, religious fundamentalists, and mafia outfits, etc., is a matter of grave concern for the entire human race.

Violation of freedom and rights by terrorist groups backed by states is one of the most difficult problems society faces. For example, Pakistan has been openly collaborating with various terrorist groups, indulging in extreme violence in India and other countries. In this regard the U.N. Human Rights Commission in Geneva adopted a significant resolution, which was co-sponsored by India, focusing on gross violation of human rights perpetrated by state-backed terrorist groups.

The resolution expressed its solidarity with the victims of terrorism and proposed that a U.N. Fund for victims of terrorism be established soon. The Indian delegation recalled that according to the Vienna Declaration, terrorism is nothing but the destruction of human rights. It shows total disregard for the lives of innocent men, women and children. The delegation further argued that terrorism cannot be treated as a mere crime because it is systematic and widespread in its killing of civilians.

Violation of human rights, whether by states, terrorists, separatist groups, armed fundamentalists or extremists, is condemnable. Regardless of the motivation, such acts should be condemned categorically in all forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomever they are committed, as acts of aggression aimed at destroying human rights, fundamental freedom and democracy. The Indian delegation also underlined concerns about the growing connection between terrorist groups and the consequent commission of serious crimes. These include rape, torture, arson, looting, murder, kidnappings, blasts, and extortion, etc.

Violation of human rights and freedom gives rise to alienation, dissatisfaction, frustration and acts of terrorism. Governments run by ambitious and self-seeking people often use repressive measures and find violence and terror an effective means of control. However, state terrorism, violence, and human freedom transgressions are very dangerous strategies. This has been the background of all revolutions in the world. Whenever there is systematic and widespread state persecution and violation of human rights, rebellion and revolution have taken place. The French, American, Russian and Chinese Revolutions are glowing examples of human history.

The first war of India’s Independence in 1857 resulted from long and systematic oppression of the Indian masses. The rapidly increasing discontent, frustration and alienation with British rule gave rise to strong national feelings and demand for political privileges and rights. Ultimately the Indian people, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, made the British leave India, setting the country free and independent.

Human rights and freedom ought to be preserved at all costs. Their curtailment degrades human life. The political needs of a country may reshape Human rights, but they should not be completely distorted. Tyranny, regimentation, etc., are inimical of humanity and should be resisted effectively and united. The sanctity of human values, freedom and rights must be preserved and protected. Human Rights Commissions should be established in all countries to take care of human freedom and rights. In cases of violation of human rights, affected individuals should be properly compensated, and it should be ensured that these do not take place in future.

These commissions can become effective instruments in percolating the sensitivity to human rights down to the lowest levels of governments and administrations. The formation of the National Human Rights Commission in October 1993 in India is commendable and should be followed by other countries.

Also Read: Law Courses in India

Human rights are of utmost importance to seek basic equality and human dignity. Human rights ensure that the basic needs of every human are met. They protect vulnerable groups from discrimination and abuse, allow people to stand up for themselves, and follow any religion without fear and give them the freedom to express their thoughts freely. In addition, they grant people access to basic education and equal work opportunities. Thus implementing these rights is crucial to ensure freedom, peace and safety.

Human Rights Day is annually celebrated on the 10th of December.

Human Rights Day is celebrated to commemorate the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UNGA in 1948.

Some of the common Human Rights are the right to life and liberty, freedom of opinion and expression, freedom from slavery and torture and the right to work and education.

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Human Rights Law Research Paper Topics

This page presents a comprehensive guide on human rights law research paper topics tailored for law students assigned with research paper tasks. The page aims to provide comprehensive guidance and resources to students studying law and assigned with research paper tasks in the field of human rights law. It presents a diverse range of research paper topics related to human rights law, covering ten distinct categories, each containing ten topics for exploration. Furthermore, the page includes an in-depth article on human rights law, tips on selecting compelling human rights law research paper topics, and guidelines for writing a successful research paper. The page also highlights the custom writing services offered by iResearchNet, tailored to meet students’ academic needs and requirements in the domain of human rights law.

100 Human Rights Law Research Paper Topics

In the realm of human rights law, the depth and breadth of research topics are vast, reflecting the complexities of the field and its dynamic nature. This comprehensive list of human rights law research paper topics spans ten categories, each presenting ten engaging and thought-provoking subjects for exploration. From international perspectives to domestic applications, these topics cover various dimensions of human rights law, shedding light on critical issues, ongoing challenges, and evolving debates. Whether students are interested in human rights advocacy, humanitarian law, discrimination, or constitutional protections, this list aims to inspire and equip them with the right tools to embark on their research journey.

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• Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech Laws: Striking a Balance
• The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age: Challenges and Protections
• Religious Freedom and the Clash of Beliefs in Pluralistic Societies
• LGBTQ+ Rights and the Pursuit of Equality: Legal Progress and Challenges
• Racial Profiling and Discrimination: Addressing Systemic Biases
• Women’s Rights and Gender Equality: Empowerment and Legal Reforms
• The Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Inclusion and Accessibility
• Juvenile Justice and Youth Rights: Restorative Approaches
• The Right to Education: Ensuring Access and Quality
• Combating Human Trafficking: Legal Frameworks and Anti-Trafficking Efforts
• Universal Human Rights Declarations and International Enforcement
• The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Promoting Human Rights
• The United Nations Human Rights Council: Achievements and Limitations
• International Criminal Court and the Pursuit of Accountability for Atrocities
• The Impact of Customary International Law on Human Rights Norms
• Regional Human Rights Systems: Advancing Rights Protection in Specific Areas
• The Intersection of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law
• Diplomacy and Human Rights: Balancing National Interests and Global Responsibilities
• Economic Sanctions and Human Rights: Assessing Their Effectiveness and Consequences
• The Responsibility to Protect: Sovereignty and Humanitarian Interventions
• Income Inequality and Human Rights: Addressing Economic Disparities
• Access to Healthcare as a Human Right: Equity and Universal Coverage
• Housing Rights and Homelessness: Legal Strategies for Housing Security
• Environmental Justice and Human Rights: Protecting Vulnerable Communities
• Indigenous Rights and Land Restitution: Recognizing Past Injustices
• The Impact of Armed Conflicts on Human Rights and Refugee Crisis
• Discrimination and Marginalization of Minority Groups: Legal Responses
• Labor Rights and Worker Protections: Fair Employment Practices
• Human Rights and Access to Justice: Overcoming Barriers to Legal Remedies
• Rights of Migrants and Refugees: Challenges in Migration Policies
• Capital Punishment and Human Rights: Abolition and Alternatives
• The Right to a Fair Trial: Legal Safeguards and Due Process
• Prison Conditions and Human Rights: Rehabilitation vs. Punishment
• Police Accountability and Use of Force: Balancing Public Safety and Rights
• Juvenile Justice Reform: Rethinking Punishment for Young Offenders
• Human Rights Implications of Cybercrime and Cybersecurity Measures
• Counterterrorism Laws and Civil Liberties: Balancing Security and Rights
• The Rights of Victims and Witness Protection in Criminal Proceedings
• Criminalization of Drug Use and Human Rights: Health Approaches vs. Punitive Measures
• Human Rights and the Right to Legal Representation: Ensuring Access to Counsel
• Reproductive Rights and Women’s Health: Legal Battles and Access to Care
• Mental Health Law and Human Rights: Balancing Autonomy and Protection
• Access to Medicines and Patent Rights: Global Health Equity
• Medical Ethics and Human Rights: Informed Consent and Research Ethics
• LGBTQ+ Health Rights and Healthcare Disparities: Advocacy and Legal Reforms
• Disability Rights and Healthcare Accessibility: Accommodations and Inclusion
• The Right to Die with Dignity: Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Laws
• Human Rights Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic Response: Balancing Public Health and Liberties
• Substance Use and Harm Reduction: Public Health Approaches and Legal Barriers
• Health Rights of Refugees and Displaced Persons: Challenges in Providing Care
• Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflicts: Legal Frameworks and Challenges
• The Right to Seek Asylum: International Refugee Law and Responsibilities
• War Crimes and International Justice: The Role of International Criminal Tribunals
• Human Rights Implications of Autonomous Weapons and Military Technologies
• The Role of Humanitarian Organizations in Conflict Zones: Safety and Access
• The Responsibility to Protect: Preventing Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity
• Human Rights and Internally Displaced Persons: Legal Recognition and Protections
• The Impact of Armed Conflicts on Children’s Rights: Child Soldiers and Protection Measures
• Gender-Based Violence in Armed Conflicts: Legal Responses and Accountability
• Humanitarian Interventions and the Sovereignty Debate: Balancing Global Responsibility and Non-Interference
• The Right to a Healthy Environment: Environmental Protections and Human Rights
• Climate Change and Human Rights: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies
• Indigenous Rights and Environmental Conservation: Balancing Preservation and Development
• Environmental Justice and Communities of Color: Overcoming Environmental Racism
• The Impact of Extractive Industries on Human Rights and Environmental Preservation
• Biodiversity Conservation and Indigenous Peoples’ Rights: Conflict and Collaboration
• The Right to Water and Sanitation: Access and Equity in Water Management
• Land Rights and Environmental Protection: Balancing Development and Conservation
• Environmental Impact Assessments and Human Rights: Ensuring Accountability and Participation
• The Role of the International Court of Justice in Protecting Human Rights
• The United Nations Human Rights Council and its Effectiveness in Promoting Rights
• Human Rights in Regional Organizations: The European Court of Human Rights
• The Role of International NGOs in Monitoring and Advocating for Human Rights
• International Human Rights Mechanisms and State Compliance: Challenges and Achievements
• The Role of Human Rights in International Trade Agreements and Economic Cooperation
• Human Rights in Armed Conflict: The Geneva Conventions and Customary International Law
• International Criminal Law and Prosecution of Human Rights Violations
• The Role of the United Nations in Protecting Children’s Rights
• Human Rights and Peacekeeping Operations: Balancing Security and Rights
• Digital Privacy and Human Rights: Challenges in the Age of Big Data
• The Right to Freedom of Expression in the Digital Era: Censorship and Online Speech
• Human Rights Implications of Artificial Intelligence and Automation
• Surveillance and Human Rights: Balancing Security and Privacy
• The Right to Internet Access as a Human Right: Universal Connectivity and Digital Equity
• Online Harassment and Cyberbullying: Legal Protections and Remedies
• Data Protection and Human Rights: Ensuring Personal Information Security
• Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Knowledge: Copyright and Cultural Rights
• The Right to Information and Government Transparency: Open Data and Accountability
• The Use of Drones in Armed Conflicts: Ethical and Legal Implications
• The Role of Human Rights Activism in Advancing Social Change
• The Intersectionality of Human Rights: Addressing Multiple Forms of Discrimination
• Indigenous Rights Movements and Land Justice: Advocacy and Legal Strategies
• The LGBTQ+ Rights Movement: Progress and Challenges in the Fight for Equality
• Women’s Rights Movements and Legal Reforms: Empowerment and Gender Equality
• Disability Rights Advocacy and the Fight for Inclusion and Accessibility
• Youth-Led Movements for Climate Justice and Environmental Rights
• The Black Lives Matter Movement and Police Accountability: Demanding Justice and Reform
• Human Rights and Migrant Rights Movements: Standing for Justice and Dignity
• Human Rights and Corporate Accountability: Advocating for Corporate Social Responsibility

The field of human rights law presents a dynamic landscape with a plethora of research paper topics that delve into critical social, political, and ethical issues. The ten categories presented here offer students a panoramic view of the diverse and interrelated areas within human rights law. As they embark on their research endeavors, students have the opportunity to explore the complexities and implications of human rights from various perspectives, both nationally and globally. The ever-evolving nature of human rights law ensures that this field will continue to inspire and challenge scholars, advocates, and policymakers in their pursuit of justice, equality, and human dignity. Whether it is advocating for marginalized communities, addressing humanitarian crises, or examining the intersection of technology and human rights, these topics will empower students to contribute meaningfully to the discourse and advancement of human rights principles worldwide. The journey of human rights research is both transformative and empowering, offering the potential to effect positive change in the lives of millions.

Human Rights Law: Exploring the Range of Topics

Human rights law is a dynamic and critical field that addresses the fundamental rights and freedoms inherent to all human beings. Rooted in the belief in the inherent dignity and worth of every individual, human rights law seeks to protect and promote these rights, ensuring that all people can live in equality, freedom, and peace. As a multidimensional area of study, human rights law offers a wide range of research paper topics that delve into the complexities of international and domestic legal frameworks, the intersections between human rights and other fields of law, and the evolving challenges in safeguarding human rights in an ever-changing world.

• The Universality and Cultural Relativism of Human Rights : The concept of human rights raises intriguing questions about the universality of rights versus the cultural relativism of values. Research papers in this category may explore the tensions between universal human rights norms and cultural practices, analyzing how cultural contexts can impact the interpretation and implementation of human rights.
• Human Rights and Armed Conflicts : Armed conflicts present severe challenges to human rights, with civilian populations often suffering the most. Human rights law research paper topics in this area may focus on the protection of human rights during armed conflicts, including issues of war crimes, humanitarian law, and the role of international institutions in ensuring accountability for human rights violations.
• Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights : Economic, social, and cultural rights are essential components of human rights law, emphasizing access to education, healthcare, housing, and social security. Research papers may analyze the legal frameworks and challenges in implementing these rights, especially in the context of poverty, inequality, and socio-economic development.
• Human Rights and Refugees : The plight of refugees and asylum seekers is a pressing human rights issue worldwide. Research topics in this area may examine the legal protections and challenges faced by refugees, the role of international organizations in supporting displaced populations, and the impacts of immigration policies on human rights.
• Human Rights and Discrimination : Discrimination on various grounds, such as race, gender, religion, and disability, continues to be a significant human rights concern. Research papers may explore legal frameworks and strategies to combat discrimination, including the role of affirmative action, equality laws, and anti-discrimination policies.
• Freedom of Expression and Media Rights : Freedom of expression is a cornerstone of human rights law, and the media plays a crucial role in fostering democracy and accountability. Research topics in this category may delve into issues of media freedom, censorship, and the balance between free speech and hate speech.
• Human Rights and Technology : Advancements in technology bring both opportunities and challenges to human rights protection. Research papers in this area may examine issues such as digital privacy, surveillance, artificial intelligence, and the right to access information in the digital age.
• Human Rights and Health : Health is intricately linked to human rights, as access to healthcare is a fundamental right. Research topics may explore the right to health and the challenges in ensuring equitable access to healthcare services, especially in vulnerable populations.
• Gender and Human Rights : Gender equality is a central theme in human rights law, and research papers in this category may focus on women’s rights, LGBTQ+ rights, and the intersections between gender and other human rights issues.
• Human Rights and Business : The impact of business practices on human rights has become a significant area of concern. Research topics may explore corporate social responsibility, business and human rights initiatives, and the role of businesses in upholding human rights standards.

The realm of human rights law is vast and multifaceted, covering a wide array of topics and issues that demand critical examination and research. From armed conflicts to economic disparities, from refugees’ rights to media freedom, and from technology to health, the field of human rights law offers a rich landscape for exploration and advocacy. As students and scholars delve into these research paper topics, they engage in crucial discussions on human rights protection, social justice, and the promotion of dignity and equality for all. By striving for a deeper understanding of human rights and their complexities, we contribute to creating a more just, compassionate, and rights-respecting world. At iResearchNet, we are committed to supporting students in their academic pursuits by providing expert assistance and custom research paper writing services that adhere to the highest standards of quality and excellence. Together, let us explore the frontiers of human rights law and work towards a future where human rights are upheld and protected for every individual, without exception.

How to Choose a Human Rights Law Topic

Choosing a compelling and relevant research paper topic is a crucial step in the academic journey of students studying human rights law. As a multifaceted and evolving field, human rights law offers a vast array of topics to explore, each with its unique challenges and opportunities. However, the abundance of choices can also be overwhelming, leaving students unsure of where to begin. In this section, we will provide valuable insights and practical tips on how to select the most suitable and engaging human rights law research paper topics.

• Identify Your Interests and Passions : The first step in choosing a research paper topic is to reflect on your personal interests and passions within the field of human rights law. What particular human rights issues resonate with you the most? Are you drawn to topics related to gender equality, access to healthcare, refugees’ rights, or freedom of expression? Identifying your interests will not only make the research process more enjoyable but also enable you to invest the necessary time and effort into producing a compelling and meaningful paper.
• Conduct Preliminary Research : Before finalizing a research paper topic, it is essential to conduct preliminary research to gain a broader understanding of the current state of knowledge in the chosen area. Review academic journals, books, policy papers, and reports related to your potential topics. This preliminary research will not only help you refine your topic but also identify any gaps in the existing literature that you could address in your research.
• Consider the Scope and Feasibility : While it may be tempting to choose a broad and ambitious topic, it is essential to consider the scope and feasibility of your research. A topic that is too broad may lack focus, while a topic that is too narrow may limit your ability to find sufficient research material. Strike a balance between a topic that is comprehensive enough to explore in-depth and one that is manageable within the scope of your research project.
• Examine Current Debates and Controversies : Human rights law is often marked by ongoing debates and controversies surrounding certain issues. Exploring topics that are currently subject to heated discussions allows you to contribute to these debates and engage with cutting-edge research. Consider topics related to emerging challenges in human rights protection, the implications of new technologies on human rights, or the impact of global events on human rights law.
• Consult with Professors and Peers : Seek guidance and feedback from your professors, advisors, and peers during the topic selection process. Discussing your ideas with knowledgeable individuals can provide valuable insights and help you refine your research focus. They can also suggest additional resources and research directions that you may not have considered.
• Choose a Researchable and Original Topic : Select a research paper topic that is not only interesting but also researchable and original. Ensure that there is a sufficient amount of credible sources and data available for your chosen topic. Additionally, strive to bring a unique perspective or approach to your research to contribute new insights to the field of human rights law.
• Stay Updated on Current Events : Human rights issues are dynamic and influenced by current events and global developments. Keep yourself updated on recent news, legal developments, and policy changes related to human rights. Monitoring current events will help you identify timely and relevant research paper topics that address real-world challenges.
• Consider the Impact and Real-World Relevance : Choose a research paper topic that has practical significance and real-world relevance. Human rights law is not merely an academic exercise; it has a direct impact on the lives of individuals and communities worldwide. Consider topics that have the potential to contribute to positive change, promote human rights awareness, or address pressing human rights challenges.
• Be Open to Flexibility and Adaptation : As you delve deeper into your research, be open to adapting and refining your research paper topic based on new insights and findings. Sometimes, the direction of your research may evolve, and being flexible in your approach allows you to produce a more nuanced and comprehensive paper.
• Seek Inspiration from iResearchNet : At iResearchNet, we understand the significance of choosing the right research paper topic. Our team of expert writers and researchers is well-versed in various areas of human rights law and can provide valuable insights and inspiration to help you select the perfect topic for your research paper. With our assistance, you can embark on a journey of exploration and discovery, delving into the complexities and nuances of human rights law while making a meaningful contribution to the field.

Selecting a research paper topic in human rights law requires careful consideration and thoughtful reflection. By identifying your interests, conducting preliminary research, and staying updated on current events, you can choose a topic that is not only academically stimulating but also relevant and impactful. At iResearchNet, we are committed to supporting students in their academic pursuits by offering expert guidance and custom research paper writing services. Together, let us embark on a journey of academic excellence and advocacy, working towards a world where human rights are upheld and protected for all.

How to Write a Human Rights Law Research Paper

Writing a research paper in the field of human rights law requires careful planning, thorough research, and a clear understanding of the subject matter. As you embark on this academic endeavor, you will encounter various challenges and opportunities to delve deep into the complexities of human rights issues. In this section, we will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to write a compelling and impactful human rights law research paper.

• Understand the Research Question : The first step in writing a research paper is to understand and define your research question. Your research question should be clear, focused, and specific, addressing a particular aspect of human rights law. It should guide your research and provide a framework for your paper.
• Conduct In-Depth Research : Human rights law is a multidisciplinary field that draws on legal principles, international treaties, ethical considerations, and socio-political aspects. To write an authoritative research paper, conduct in-depth research from a variety of credible sources, including academic journals, legal databases, government publications, and reputable websites. Take notes and organize your findings to support your arguments effectively.
• Create an Outline : Organize your research and ideas by creating a well-structured outline for your research paper. An outline helps you maintain a logical flow of information, ensuring that your paper is cohesive and coherent. Divide your paper into sections and subsections, each addressing a specific aspect of your research question.
• Develop a Strong Thesis Statement : Craft a clear and concise thesis statement that summarizes the main argument of your research paper. Your thesis statement should convey the purpose of your paper and guide readers on what to expect throughout the document.
• Introduction : Begin your research paper with an engaging introduction that provides background information on the human rights issue you are addressing. Introduce the significance of the topic, explain its relevance in the context of human rights law, and present your thesis statement.
• Literature Review : Incorporate a literature review section in your research paper to discuss the existing body of knowledge on the topic. Analyze and critically evaluate relevant studies, theories, and legal cases related to your research question. Identify any gaps or inconsistencies in the literature that your research aims to address.
• Methodology : If your research paper involves empirical research or data analysis, outline your methodology in this section. Describe the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques you used to obtain results. Explain how your chosen methodology aligns with your research question and contributes to the overall understanding of the human rights issue.
• Analysis and Findings : Present your research findings and analyze the data in the context of your research question. Use evidence and examples from your research to support your arguments. Analyze the implications of your findings on the human rights issue and its potential impact on policies, laws, or practices.
• Discussion : In the discussion section, interpret your research findings and relate them to the existing body of knowledge. Address any limitations or challenges encountered during your research and suggest avenues for further exploration.
• Conclusion : Summarize the key points of your research paper in the conclusion section. Restate your thesis statement and highlight the main findings of your study. Discuss the implications of your research on human rights law and suggest potential areas for future research.
• Citations and Referencing : Properly cite all the sources used in your research paper following the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Accurate referencing is essential to give credit to the original authors and avoid plagiarism.
• Proofreading and Editing : Before submitting your research paper, thoroughly proofread and edit it to eliminate any grammatical errors, typos, or inconsistencies. Ensure that your paper adheres to the formatting and style guidelines provided by your instructor or academic institution.

Writing a human rights law research paper is a rewarding and intellectually stimulating experience. By understanding your research question, conducting in-depth research, and organizing your paper effectively, you can produce a compelling and impactful piece of academic work. Remember to stay focused on your thesis statement and support your arguments with credible evidence. At iResearchNet, we understand the challenges of writing a research paper and are here to support you with expert guidance and custom research paper writing services. Together, let us contribute to the advancement of human rights knowledge and advocate for a more just and equitable world.

iResearchNet’s Custom Research Paper Writing Services

At iResearchNet, we understand the significance of human rights law and its impact on shaping a just and equitable society. We recognize that students pursuing law studies often face various academic challenges, including the task of writing comprehensive and well-researched research papers on complex human rights issues. To support students in their academic journey and contribute to the advancement of human rights knowledge, we offer custom human rights law research paper writing services. Our team of expert degree-holding writers is dedicated to providing top-quality, customized solutions tailored to meet your specific research needs. With our comprehensive services, you can embark on a seamless and rewarding research paper writing experience.

• Expert Degree-Holding Writers : At iResearchNet, we have a team of expert writers with advanced degrees in law and human rights-related fields. Our writers possess extensive knowledge of human rights principles, international treaties, and legal frameworks, enabling them to craft well-informed and insightful research papers.
• Custom Written Works : We understand that each research paper is unique, and therefore, we offer fully custom-written papers designed to meet your specific requirements. Our writers conduct in-depth research on your chosen topic and tailor the paper to align with your research question and academic guidelines.
• In-Depth Research : Our writers are adept at conducting comprehensive and in-depth research from a variety of credible sources, ensuring that your research paper is well-supported with evidence and examples.
• Custom Formatting : We are well-versed in different citation styles, including APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, and Harvard. Our writers meticulously follow the required formatting guidelines to ensure that your research paper adheres to the highest academic standards.
• Top Quality : We prioritize quality and excellence in every research paper we deliver. Our team of skilled editors reviews each paper to ensure it is free from errors and adheres to academic standards.
• Customized Solutions : We recognize that human rights law encompasses a wide range of topics and issues. Our custom writing services allow you to choose your preferred research topic and specify any particular requirements you have for the paper.
• Flexible Pricing : We offer flexible pricing options to accommodate students’ varying budgetary constraints. Our pricing is competitive, and we provide transparent cost estimates upfront.
• Short Deadlines : We understand the pressures of tight deadlines and offer expedited services to cater to urgent research paper writing needs. Our writers are capable of delivering high-quality papers within short timeframes, even as little as 3 hours.
• Timely Delivery : Punctuality is one of our core values. We are committed to delivering your research paper within the agreed-upon deadline, allowing you ample time for review and submission.
• 24/7 Support : Our customer support team is available 24/7 to address any inquiries, concerns, or updates regarding your research paper. Feel free to reach out to us at any time for prompt assistance.
• Absolute Privacy : At iResearchNet, we prioritize your privacy and confidentiality. All your personal information and research paper details are handled with the utmost confidentiality and stored securely.
• Easy Order Tracking : Stay updated on the progress of your research paper with our easy-to-use order tracking system. You can monitor the status of your paper and communicate directly with your assigned writer.
• Money Back Guarantee : We are committed to customer satisfaction. If, for any reason, you are not satisfied with the final research paper, we offer a money-back guarantee to ensure your peace of mind.

With iResearchNet’s custom human rights law research paper writing services, you can unlock the full potential of your academic journey. Our team of expert writers is here to support you in exploring the complexities of human rights law and contributing to the advancement of this critical field. Whether you need assistance in choosing a research topic, conducting in-depth research, or crafting a well-structured paper, we are here to assist you every step of the way. Empower your human rights law research with iResearchNet and make a meaningful impact on the world.

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5 Human Rights Topics For Your Human Rights Essay

When you’re writing a paper on human rights, you want to pick a topic that’s relevant and compelling. It seems like our world is heading in a downwards spiral, but writing about the issues provokes action, which in turn results in change. Here are five topics that have been getting attention (or aren’t getting enough attention) in recent years. These are all important; choosing one just comes down to what speaks to you most powerfully:

Police brutality in the United States

Violence by American police is a major issue in the human rights arena these days and data indicates it’s getting worse. According to Killed By Police, a website that tracks police killings, 2018 has witnessed more deaths than in the last five years over the same period of time. It most likely won’t get better, as the DOJ recently ended a program that helped keep corrupt police departments in check. Black Americans are most vulnerable; in 2012, they made up 31% of police-killing victims, while only comprising 13% of the total US population.

Questions an essay could answer: Why are African-Americans and other minorities at a higher risk of police violence than white people? What has been done to undermine efforts to change the policing system? What could reduce killings by law enforcement?

Global mental health treatment

We hear a lot about how the mental health system in America is broken, but on a global scale, it’s just as much of a problem. Close to 800 000 people die due to suicide every year, which is one person every 40 seconds. Not much has been done to treat this issue, though according to a World Bank study, poor mental health has a drastic effect on one’s quality of life. Most governments have very small budgets for mental health treatment. In a WHO study, around 47 countries (out of 191) do not have any kind of national legislation or policies on mental health.

Questions an essay could answer: What is the current state of mental health treatment around the world? What specific treatments exist? What effect does poor mental health have on a nation’s economy, culture, etc? Why hasn’t the United Nations taken more aggressive action?

US policy on refugees

Since President Trump took office and instituted increasingly harsh limits and action on refugees and immigration, the US has entered a dark time. Just nine months after entering office, he capped the refugee admissions number to 45,000. Other programmes have been completely eliminated, such as the Central Americans Minors programme, which let children from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras join their parents who are legally in the US. Those seeking asylum have also been met with significant opposition. The biggest story, of course, is how children are being separated and interned apart from their parents. These are just a few topics that a paper about the US refugee policy could cover.

Questions an essay could answer : How has the current US refugee policy affected other countries’ opinion on America? How is this policy different than America’s stance in the past? What are the potential consequences of letting so few refugees into the country, for them and for the United States?

Transgender rights in Europe

In recent years, transgender rights have been challenged in the political arena with legislation such as the Bathroom Laws and weakened legal protection against work discrimination. What’s happening in Europe? In many countries like Belgium and Switzerland, transgender individuals were until very recently legally required to undergo sterilization and surgery before obtaining new identification papers. What provoked this change?

Questions an essay could answer: What is the history of trans rights in Europe? What countries have made the most positive moves in accepting transgender individuals? What can the United States do to follow progressive European countries into a new era?

Disability rights in America

Though somewhat ignored by the media, disability rights are under attack in America. Various pieces of legislature include deep cuts to Medicaid and removals of protections for disabled workers and students. One of the biggest blows is the Medicaid work requirement, which is currently allowed in three states. In order to receive assistance, people must meet a certain number of hours, but those with disabilities or illnesses won’t be able to. In response, Americans with disabilities are rising up in protest.

Questions an essay could answer:  How are disability advocates fighting for their cause? What is the Trump administration’s response to activists? What can be done to protect those with disabilities?

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Harvard Human Rights Journal

Spring 2024 Essay Contest Prompt: Human Rights in Practice

Submissions should be essays about a topic broadly connected to the practice of human rights advocacy. Successful submissions will introduce a novel approach or perspective to their topics, will center practice-based experiences, and will have a strong nexus to human rights law. Submissions may, for example, explore how to overcome contemporary challenges in human rights litigation, or how advocates can better represent the interests of communities at the grassroots level.

Submissions Window : January 17, 2024 – February 28, 2024. Submissions received outside this window will not be considered.

Winners will be announced in the Spring of 2024 and published in the Online Journal .

Submission Guidelines:

Qualifications : The essay contest is open to all current students at Harvard University, including undergraduate and graduate students.

Length Limitations : Submissions should be approximately 1,000–2,000 words, including footnotes.

Citation Format : All assertions should be cited. Please cite sources using footnotes rather than endnotes. Law students should ensure footnotes comply with The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation . For other students, the use of a consistent citation system providing complete source information in the footnotes is sufficient.

Submission Instructions : Participants should send their submission, as an attachment in Microsoft Word format, from an official Harvard email address to the HHRJ Submissions Committee ( [email protected] ), along with a copy of a recent CV. The subject line of the email should include “Essay Contest Submission” and the author’s last name.

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100s of Free Human Rights Law Dissertation Topics and Titles

Published by Grace Graffin at January 6th, 2023 , Revised On May 2, 2024

Introduction

Writing a dissertation is a long process that requires good research skills and decent expertise in the field. Depending on the researcher’s university’s academic requirements, some different prerequisites and requirements should be fulfilled before writing the dissertation (thesis).

For instance, the supervisor may ask the researcher to provide a dissertation proposal with topics based on current legal trends. Once the dissertation topic is approved, the researcher will have to provide the supervisor with the research aim and problem statement alongside a good methodology .

Human Rights Law Dissertation Topics

Topic 1: how the social rights of immigrants are protected under international human rights law: a primary investigation in the uk.

Research Aim: The research will aim to investigate the protection of the social rights of immigrants given in international law in the UK. Many human rights contracts clearly forbid discrimination centred on state origin and want states to guarantee that immigrants’ human rights are treated equally. Moreover, immigrants, like other particularly vulnerable groups, have been granted additional safeguards under international law to address situations in which their rights are most in danger, such as employment. The research will focus on the immigrants and their social rights in the UK.

Topic 2: The role of social media apps in spreading awareness among youth about human right

Research Aim: The research will aim to explore the part social media plays in spreading awareness of human rights among the young. In today’s world, people use social media more than reading newspapers, and social media has also helped many people get justice. Young or old, every age group is active on social platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, etc., and these apps have brought a new way to learn things. So, this study will specifically focus on social media apps and how they are contributing in spreading awareness about human rights among people.

Topic 3: What obstacles do international human rights policies encounter in terms of implementation? An academic review

Research Aim: The research will aim to investigate the challenges and problems international human rights face during implementation.  There are many factors that make it difficult to implement the policies in a country or an organisation. There should be solutions to the problems and challenges in the implementation of international human rights. This study will explore and explain the challenges and try to give solutions to tackle the challenges.

Topic 4: How are the rights of men being violated in the society? A human right perspective

Research Aim: The research aims to find the reason men’s rights are violated in society. Men’s rights are violated in society more often now. Men also get raped, beaten, killed without anyone questioning the abuser. Even after getting hit by a woman, people blame the man. Violence against males is a severe violation of human rights. The government’s role is to guard males from abuse, including domestic violence.

Topic 5: Define the rights to ethics, religion and life in the context of human rights law in US

Research Aim: The research will aim to define the basic human rights to culture, religion and life in the human rights law in the US. The research will explain the fundamental rights given to human beings, freedom of speech, and a thorough explanation of the human rights law article. The study will also describe the acts that violate fundamental human rights.

Topic 6: Investigating the impact of nationalist movements and ideologies on the rights of religious and ethnic minorities in India

Research Aim: The study investigates how nationalist movements and ideologies impact the rights of religious and ethnic minorities in India. It will also assess the role of governments in promoting or suppressing minority rights in such contexts.

Topic 7: Examining the rights and legal status of stateless persons who are forced to flee their countries of origin

Research Aim: The study aims to examine the rights and legal status of stateless persons who are forced to flee their countries of origin. This research will focus on the challenges they face in accessing protection and assistance in the absence of citizenship.

Topic 8: Investigating the tension between national security concerns and the protection of refugee rights

This research explores the tension between national security concerns and the protection of refugee rights. It discusses the context of border control policies, immigration detention, and anti-terrorism measures.

COVID-19 Human Rights Law Research Topics

Impacts of coronavirus on human rights.

Research Aim: This study will highlight the impacts of Coronavirus on human rights.

International human rights law and COVID-19

Research Aim: This study will address the current pandemic crisis and international human rights law status in response to COVID-19.

United Nations on human rights during COVID-19

Research Aim: This study will review the United Nations’ response to human rights for protecting human health and rights during COVID-19.

The role of National Human Rights Institutions during COVId-19

Research Aim: This study will highlight the role of National Human Rights Institutions during COVID-19.

Dissertation Topics in Human Rights Law and Society

Human Rights is an important area of the law inherent to all human beings, regardless of their race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, and other status forms. Human Rights can be seen as the most significant law area that has taken place since the end of the Second World War.

According to Rehman, even though the world has evolved over the years, human rights continue to be constrained and limited. Research in this particular area of the law is important to know its weaknesses and limitations in the 21st century.

This document contains a wide range of dissertation topics based on the area of Human Rights or Fundamental Rights. These topics provided by our PhD-qualified writers are based on the current legal trends, which tend to assess different topics related to Human Rights in the 21st Century.

Most of the themes provided have never been researched before, and a desk-based or comparative analysis approach is used to provide a meaningful contribution to human rights.

Some topics are aimed at the thesis, which should implement an international aspect of Human Rights. On the other hand, the other topics are focused on specific jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom or the European Union.

You can also start your dissertation by requesting a brief research proposal from our writers on any of these topics, including an introduction to the topic, research question , aim and objectives, literature review , and the proposed research methodology to be conducted. Let us know if you need any help in getting started.

Check our dissertation example to get an idea of how to structure your dissertation .

Review the step-by-step guide on how to write your own dissertation here .

Topic 1: An assessment of life imprisonment under the European Convention on Human Rights.

Research Aim: The research will be based on fundamental rights, more specifically on the European Convention on Human Rights. The research will use a desk-based approach to assess Article 3 of the ECHR, which prohibits inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment. The research critically assesses how the EU Member States deal with life imprisonment based on their domestic legislation.

Topic 2: Should prisoners be allowed to exercise their right to vote in a democratic society?

Research Aim: Disfranchisement is known as the revocation of the fundamental right to vote in a democratic society. The research will assess if there is a need to make the right to vote a basic fundamental right that can be exercised by prisoners. The research will use be a comparative assessment based on different jurisdictions.

Topic 3: The European Court Of Human Rights and its effectiveness amongst the EU member states

Research Aim: The research will assess the role of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in safeguarding the rights of EU Citizens. The research will evaluate the EU Supremacy and its authority over the EU Member States regarding human rights. In this line, the research will demonstrate how The ECtHR should balance the EU Law’s fundamental rights and the Member State’s Constitution on fundamental rights.

Topic 4: The link between human rights and same-sex marriage

Research Aim: The Universal Declaration on Human Rights recognises same-sex marriage as a basic right to marriage. However, it can be seen that most countries do not recognise this right. The research will assess different jurisdictions where same-sex marriage is considered legal to enforce this right amongst the signatory countries.

Topic 5: Assessment of human rights in the workplace

Research Aim: Basic Human Rights, such as protection from slavery or inhuman treatment, are available under the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. However, the research will assess human rights’ employment, such as fair treatment, equal pay, and minimum wage. The research will use a comparative analysis to evaluate how different jurisdictions view human rights regarding employment.

Topic 6: The right to life and death penalty in the 21st century

Research Aim: The fundamental right to life is enshrined under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. On the other hand, the death penalty seems to be against the right to life and the protection of life preservation. The research will assess how to strike a balance between the right to life and capital punishment.

Topic 7: Should the death penalty be reinstated in the United Kingdom post-Brexit?

Research Aim: The 13th Protocol of the European Convention on Human Rights has prohibited the restoration of the United Kingdom’s death penalty since 2004. The research will assess if the United Kingdom should reinstate the death penalty after Brexit. Since the United Kingdom will leave the European Union, it will no longer be a party to the convention and will be able to reinstate the death penalty.

Topic 8: Social media and the right to hold an opinion

Research Aim: The research will assess if the current Freedom of Speech and the Right to hold an opinion is adequate to be used online. The research will demonstrate a need to reform the Universal Declaration on Human Rights for online use.

Topic 9: Should Article 14 of the Human Rights Act 1998 be amended to implement more protected characteristics?

Research Aim: Article 14 of the Human Rights 1998 has a minimal number of protected characteristics. Following Brexit, the United Kingdom nationals may lose the protection of the European Convention on Human Rights. In this line, the research will assess whether there is a need to review Article 14 of the Human Rights Act 1998.

Topic 10: Should Human Rights be ignored when taking counter-terrorism measures?

Research Aim: The research will assess if Human Rights should be overlooked when dealing with counter-terrorism measures. The research will aim to demonstrate if there is a need to protect a presumed or prospective terrorist’s basic human rights.

Topic 11: The EU Supremacy and the Constitutional Rights of the Member States

Research Aim: The EU Supremacy imposes authority and control over the EU Member States. In this line, a Member State should remove all conflicting laws that are incompatible with the EU Law. The research will assess the extent to which Member States have accepted the authority of the EU supremacy regarding human rights. In other words, the research will demonstrate if the European Convention on Human Rights has adequate fundamental rights for the Member States.

Topic 12: The importance of Human Rights in a democratic society

Research Aim: The research will assess the importance of human rights, which is a pivotal requirement for democracy. The research will use a comparative analysis of how fundamental rights have been adopted around the world. Furthermore, the research will assess how certain countries that do not follow the Universal Declaration on Human Rights may suffer from the lack of democratisation.

Topic 13: The role of courts in safeguarding fundamental rights in their domestic jurisdiction

Research Aim: The research will demonstrate the courts’ key role in safeguarding the fundamental rights enshrined in a country’s Constitution.

Topic 14: Does the General Data Protection Regulation Act as a Safeguard to the Basic Right To Privacy?

Research Aim: The research will assess the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and its safeguards regarding the right to privacy. The research demonstrates how the GDPR can have an important human rights aspect, such as when dealing with a consumer or an online user.

Topic 15: Should Countries Implement A Constitutional Court for Fundamental Rights Breaches?

Research Aim: The research will assess how each country deals with breaches of fundamental rights. The research aims to provide recommendations in implementing a higher domestic authority to treat only constitutional matters like the Constitutional Court of South Africa.

Topic 16: Can Torture Be Justified Under Human Rights?

Research Aim: Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that no individual shall be subjected to torture. The research will assess whether torture can ever be justified under the law. For instance, the research will aim to demonstrate whether there are justifiable grounds to inflict torture on criminals in certain cases such as terrorism with the view of getting confessions.

Topic 17: CCTV Surveillance and the Right to Privacy

Research Aim: The Research will assess the use of CCTV surveillance and its effect on Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The research will demonstrate if covert surveillance can either undermine or positively affect the right to privacy. The research will further critically analyse the right to privacy against public policy for the common good.

Topic 18: The Need to Standardise Disability Rights around the World

Research Aim: The Research compares and contrasts different disability rights under certain jurisdictions. The research will assess whether there is a need to standardise disability rights under one convention or treaty.

Topic 19: Should the Right to Education Be Extended to Tertiary Education

Research Aim: The research will access the right to education as found under Article 26 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. The right to education applies to only fundamental stages of education, such as primary and secondary education. The research will aim to demonstrate if the right to education should be extended to tertiary education.

Topic 20: The Role of Legislators and the Right to Education in the Sub-Saharan Region

Research Aim: The research will assess legislators’ role with regard to the right to education. The research will demonstrate whether Sustainable Development Goal No. 4 (SDG4) is implemented in various sub-Saharan regions. The research will prove whether legislators are implementing appropriate safeguards to remain in line with SDG4 and promote quality education.

How Can ResearchProspect Help?

ResearchProspect writers can send several custom topic ideas to your email address. Once you have chosen a topic that suits your needs and interests, you can order for our dissertation outline service , which will include a brief introduction to the topic, research questions , literature review , methodology , expected results , and conclusion . The dissertation outline will enable you to review the quality of our work before placing the order for our full dissertation writing service !

List of the Best Human Rights Law Dissertation Topics in Critical Issues

• An analysis of the link between human trafficking and armed conflict: trafficking for sexual exploitation and forced recruitment of child soldiers.
• The impact of technology on the protection of human rights in the digital age.
• Exploring the role of international criminal law in prosecuting human rights violations.
• The effectiveness of regional human rights mechanisms in addressing human rights abuses.
• Analysing the relationship between environmental law and human rights protection.
• Investigating the challenges and opportunities of implementing economic, social, and cultural rights.
• Examining the intersection of gender equality and human rights law.
• Assessing the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in advancing human rights agendas.
• The implications of counter-terrorism measures on human rights and civil liberties.

Important Notes:

As a human rights law student looking to get good grades, it is essential to develop new ideas and experiment with existing human rights law theories – i.e., to add value and interest to your research topic.

The field of human rights law is vast and interrelated to so many other academic disciplines like law , business law , cybercrime , and more. That is why it is imperative to create a human rights law dissertation topic that is particular and sound and actually solves a practical problem that may be rampant in the field.

We can’t stress how important it is to develop a logical research topic based on your entire research. There are several significant downfalls to getting your topic wrong: your supervisor may not be interested in working on it, the topic has no academic creditability, the research may not make logical sense, and there is a possibility that the study is not viable.

This impacts your time and efforts in writing your dissertation , as you may end up in a cycle of rejection at the initial stage of the dissertation. That is why we recommend reviewing existing research to develop a topic, taking advice from your supervisor, and even asking for help in this particular stage of your dissertation.

While developing a research topic, keeping our advice in mind will allow you to pick one of the best human rights law dissertation topics that fulfil your requirement of writing a research paper and add to the body of knowledge.

Therefore, it is recommended that when finalising your dissertation topic, you read recently published literature to identify gaps in the research that you may help fill.

Remember- dissertation topics need to be unique, solve an identified problem, be logical, and be practically implemented. Please look at some of our sample human rights law dissertation topics to get an idea for your own dissertation.

How to Structure Your Human Rights Law Dissertation

A well-structured dissertation can help students to achieve a high overall academic grade.

• A Title Page
• Acknowledgements
• Declaration
• Abstract: A summary of the research completed
• Table of Contents
• Introduction : This chapter includes the project rationale, research background, key research aims and objectives, and the research problems. An outline of the structure of a dissertation can also be added to this chapter.
• Literature Review : This chapter presents relevant theories and frameworks by analysing published and unpublished literature on the chosen research topic to address research questions . The purpose is to highlight and discuss the selected research area’s relative weaknesses and strengths whilst identifying any research gaps. Break down the topic and key terms that can positively impact your dissertation and your tutor.
• Methodology : The data collection and analysis methods and techniques employed by the researcher are presented in the Methodology chapter, which usually includes research desig n, research philosophy, research limitations, code of conduct, ethical consideration, data collection methods, and data analysis strategy .
• Findings and Analysis : The findings of the research are analysed in detail under the Findings and Analysis chapter. All key findings/results are outlined in this chapter without interpreting the data or drawing any conclusions. It can be useful to include graphs, charts, and tables in this chapter to identify meaningful trends and relationships.
• Discussion and Conclusion : The researcher presents his interpretation of the results in this chapter and states whether the research hypothesis has been verified or not. An essential aspect of this section of the paper is to link the results and evidence from the literature. Recommendations with regard to the implications of the findings and directions for the future may also be provided. Finally, a summary of the overall research, along with final judgments, opinions, and comments, must be included in the form of suggestions for improvement.
• References : This should be completed following your University’s requirements
• Bibliography
• Appendices : Any additional information, diagrams, and graphs used to complete the dissertation but not part of the dissertation should be included in the Appendices chapter. Essentially, the purpose is to expand the information/data.

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• Select a topic resonating with your passion and research objectives.

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International Human Rights Law Analytical Essay

Introduction, relevance of the economic, social, and cultural rights, are these rights different or indivisible, reference list.

In the past two decades, the International Human Rights Law (IHRL) has increased its emphasis on protecting all human rights for people to live a free, secure, and healthy life.

According to Rehman (2010), living a dignified life can only be achieved if all basic requirements of work, housing, food, education, and political democracy are sufficiently available to every person without discrimination.

This paper argues about economic, social, and cultural rights, which are intertwined with civil and political rights under the mantle of the International Human Rights Law. The underlying claim is that if economic, social, and cultural rights are not met adequately, then the civil and political rights will neither be satisfied.

However, the initial emphasis should be directed to establishing the economic, social, and cultural rights after which the political rights are met, thus the overall connection may lead to the realisation of all human rights.

This paper agrees with the view that economic, social, and cultural human rights are highly crucial, as they form the basis under which civil and political human rights develop.

In addition, a violation of the former is directly associated with the violation of the later. For instance, the denial of the right to good health, which is part of the social rights, is more critical than denying the right to vote, which is a political human right.

While assessing this claim, this paper will describe the two sets of human rights. It will also show why it is necessary to protect the economic, social, and cultural rights in a bid to develop sustainable civil and political rights.

This paper will also examine whether the two sets of human rights are fundamentally different or they are indivisible.

Historically, the idea of human rights developed within the political philosophy of Western Europe. Early philosophers such as John Lock believed that the government had the mandate to secure fundamental human rights morally and legally and failure led to the loss of its legitimacy (Hoover 2013).

The civil and political rights preceded the origins of the economic, social, and cultural rights, and thus they are deemed as second-generation rights.

Though the economic, social, and cultural rights are often referred as second to civil and political rights, they have been in existence for centuries only that they were highly marginalised until the 19 th Century (Simmons 2009).

The roots of economic, social, and cultural rights can be traced back to early centuries during the evolution of religious traditions. These religious traditions emphasised dignity and care for humanity by sharing with those who cannot cater for themselves.

Furthermore, national and international laws had prior recognised most of the economic, social, and cultural rights before the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 (Baderin & McCorquodale 2011). For instance, countries such as Costa Rica realised the right to education for all from the 1840s.

Some European nations by the late 19 th Century recognised various economic, social, and cultural rights like labour rights, the right to health, and social security.

Economic, social, and cultural rights are viewed as individual rights including social security, conditions in the workplace, personal life, cultural life, and access to basic facilities such as education, food, safe water, housing, and health (Ishay 2010).

For instance, take a case of a family that is forcefully evicted from its house or a businessperson whose work is publicly looted. In this case, the individuals are affected and their condition worsened, thus hindering public justice.

On the other hand, civil and political rights involve the right to vote, right to fair trial, equality, and freedom from discrimination among others as included in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Walzer & Miller 2007).

For a long time, civil and political rights have attracted more attention from both legal and non-legal interpreters as more important than economic, civil, and cultural rights.

The opponents argue that the economic, social, and cultural rights are second-class rights, thus unjustifiable and they can be achieved gradually over time.

This argument underrates human dignity since it does not recognise the real rights, and consequently it disapproves the importance of the civil and political rights. It is unrealistic for a starving individual to enjoy voting rights and one loses the motivation to vote if his/her basic rights cannot be prioritised.

These rights are designed to enhance the protection of individuals as full human beings, grounded on the idea that people have to enjoy rights, freedoms, and justice.

Living in a world where the majority of countries are yet to feed and provide safe drinking water adequately and most citizens still live below the poverty line, the need to redirect focus on the actualisation of economic, social, and cultural rights is broadly manifested.

However, it is inevitable to honour, secure, and fulfil the actualisation of economic, social, and cultural rights by the state machinery after which it will be possible to realise stable civil and political rights (Hrubec 2010).

Every example of violation of economic, social, and cultural rights demonstrates how human dignity is substantially dented as well as the civil and political rights.

For example, contaminating water by both private and state-owned facilities and illegal disconnections are violations of the right to health and water, while poor conditions at work and long working hours are a violation of worker’s rights.

Failure to provide education to all irrespective of gender, race, disability, or religion violates education rights. Paid maternity leave and protection for the unemployed population violates the right to social security.

When these rights are denied under whichever conditions, the dignity of humanity is compromised (Haas 2014). Thus, the logic of embracing civil and political rights loses its basis and it can only thrive when the economic, social, and cultural rights are prioritised.

Consequently, the extent to which individuals enjoy economic, social, and cultural rights is reflected in the level of awareness towards protecting civil and political rights.

For instance, in the US, the level of enjoyment of economic, social, and cultural rights corresponds to the enjoyment of civil and political rights and the aggregate is relatively higher as compared to other parts of the world.

This scenario plays out due to the high level of literacy, health, social security, safe drinking water, and sanitation. Therefore, citizens are well informed about the political structures, public involvement, and justice.

Citizens are motivated to further and protect these rights because through legislators and court systems, they can enjoy the economic, social, and cultural rights.

Mahon (2008, p. 620) posit that the ‘gross violation of economic, social, and cultural rights has proved to be the major cause of civil conflicts and the reluctance to address these needs undermines any chances of recovering from conflicts’.

For instance, denying employment, education, and housing based on gender, culture, race, or religion has always resulted in conflicts as the affected societies seek to alter the status quo by staging revolutions. Looking at the state of affairs in most African countries, constant conflicts persist.

The economy of a country like Somalia has deteriorated due to the disputed allocation of resources. The housing condition in some regions in Brazil is very poor, thus leading to increased rate of crime and forced evictions during slum rehabilitation.

When these populations are unstable and their dignity is compromised, they cannot enjoy civil and political rights even if they are put in place (Smith, Baylis, & Owens 2008). If civil and political rights cannot protect the entire community, then its relevance is lost.

In addition, the denial of economic, social, and cultural rights can as well hinder the enjoyment of other rights. For example, it is usually difficult for illiterate people to find employment, participate in political activity, or even share their opinions.

Even those who advance the civil political rights happen to be the few fortunate individuals who are educated, have good health, and want to enhance sustainable civil and political rights by first anchoring economic, social, and cultural rights for all.

Tracing back to evaluate how the Human Rights Convention of 1948 emerged, one will be in a position to figure out what aspects orchestrated the development of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the same year.

Being human was the criterion deemed essential for the entitlement of human rights and particularly individual rights formed the central tenet upon which the debate thrived. After achieving human dignity through embracing economic, social, and cultural rights, humans are guaranteed civil and political rights.

These civil and political rights should ensure that they protect and enhance the economic, social, and political rights. Even though the civil and political rights debates seem to have been highly magnified in most states, it is evident that this strategy is used to realise the economic, social, and cultural rights.

Even after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the US continued to witness discrimination in the distribution of economic and social benefits. Following this marginalisation, civil and political movements started to emerge in the 1960s to press the government to provide socioeconomic justice equitably to all.

By doing so, the civil and political rights would ensure the enhancement and protection of economic, social, and cultural rights, which had previously existed, but marginalised by the state machinery (Duran 2011).

This aspect implied that people would obtain the rights to vote and make public opinions. Just as it is today, the right to vote elevated people’s ability to make decisions that affected their welfare.

In most developing countries, economic, social, and cultural rights do not only enhance individual’s dignity, but at some point, they are inevitable for survival (Darraj 2010. Without elaborate provision of basic material for human beings, such as food, education, water, and health, then civil and political rights are of no essence.

From this analysis, it is generalisable that human needs and survival are reflected in the realisation of economic, social, and cultural rights.

For humans to function as human beings they must enjoy the basic needs and if denied they will exist in abject poverty and eventually die as it is the case in many underdeveloped and developing countries.

Even though the Universal Declaration of Human Rights claims that human rights are indivisible, in practice, there is still division between the two main categories because countries have priorities such as economic stability and social wellbeing (Clapham 2007).

This aspect mostly applies to the developing countries, since elaborate civil and political rights lack good grounds to thrive.

The enforcement of civil and political rights requires political force and when the legitimacy of these rights is questionable, the rationale for employing such force declines.

When evaluating economic, social, and cultural rights, one realises that they are nearly natural rights and their applicability may not necessarily rely on political force. For instance, if an individual is denied food and safe water, s/he will die.

Moral values of care and love for one another may motivate people to provide for the less privileged, whereas the same is not practical in the case of civil and political rights.

Since not all economic, social, and cultural rights can be achieved through religious morals, political enforcement becomes necessary to enhance their realisation. This aspect leads this discussion to the question whether economic, social, and cultural rights are different or indivisible in application.

Economic, social, cultural, civil, and political rights are indiscrete, interconnected, and mutualist as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Charter (Echo-Hawk 2013). This standpoint is highly disputed by individuals who share the ideas borrowed from the context of the Cold War.

The past indicates that the economic, social, and cultural rights were highly distinct from the civil and political rights. The western bloc during the Cold War highly focused on civil and political rights while the Eastern bloc put more focus on economic, civil, and cultural rights.

Under this context, the differences developed, but it was evident that none of these set of rights would meet human rights needs adequately as stated by the Convention of Human Rights. Apparently, such differences have been abandoned and the initial structure of the Universal Declaration thrives.

This assertion holds because civil and political rights depend on the stability of the economic, social, and cultural rights.

On the other hand, political rights help in enhancing and sustaining the economic, social, and cultural rights (Butler 2007). Through education, individuals will be in a position to make informed political decisions.

In addition, most political debates such as political participation like voting greatly depend on an individual’s health, levels of enlightenment, and general welfare (Freedman 2004).

The proponents of the claim that civil and political rights are more important argue that economic, social, and cultural rights are vague and ambiguous. This assertion holds in the sense that it is often hard to highlight a violation, the perpetrator, and the intervention criterion.

For instance, what entails hunger, adequate housing, or social security are mere constructions of court systems to justify decisions on whether rights have been denied (Normand & Zaidi 2008).

They claim that the government should not be identified as the perpetrator because the human rights law restricts dependence on welfare or state dependency. While it remains important for the individuals to show efforts, the government has to ensure fair playing grounds and facilitate the attainment of individual goals.

Even though not all economic, social, and cultural rights are substantially described in human rights protocols, a similar case is reflected in the civil and political rights.

In addition, the fact that economic, social, and cultural rights are more expensive to initiate as compared to civil and political rights, it is unjustified to underrate their importance based on this aspect since it is the mandate of the government to plan and invest towards realising these rights (Goodhart 2013).

Furthermore, civil and political rights need structures like well-managed prisons, election funds, and active court system among others.

The significance of the economic, social, and cultural rights cannot be underestimated.

Poverty, disease, illiteracy, and discrimination lead to the majority of security threats and conflicts witnessed within and beyond borders, thus compromising the enhancement and sustainability of overall human rights particularly civil and political rights.

Even in the most developed countries, it has been shown that gross violations persist and many people still live under situations that contribute to the violation of economic, social, and cultural rights that in turn hinder the enjoyment of civil and political rights.

Even though the Universal Declaration of Human Rights condemn the denial of fundamental human rights, there still exist well-orchestrated ways of discrimination in the practice of economic, social, and cultural rights against some individuals and groups on unrealistic and unfortunate grounds.

Consequently, as individuals refrain from categorising these rights and referring to them as social, economic, political, cultural, and civil rights, it should be noted that economic, social, and cultural rights form the backbone of any other rights.

However, this assertion reaffirms that economic, social, and cultural rights are significant contributors to human dignity as opposed to civil and political rights.

Baderin, M & McCorquodale, R 2011, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Action, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Butler, K 2011, A Critical Humanitarian Intervention Approach, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills.

Clapham, A 2007, Human Rights: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford UP, Oxford.

Darraj, S 2010, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Chelsea House Publishers, New York.

Duran, C 2011, ‘Civil society organisations contribution to the universal declaration on the human right to peace’, International Journal on World Peace, vol.28, no. 4, pp. 59-68.

Echo-Hawk, W 2013, In the Light of Justice: The Rise of Human Rights in Native America and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Fulcrum Publishing, Colorado.

Freedman, R 2004, The Voice That Challenged a Nation: Marian Anderson and the Struggle for Equal Rights, Clarion Books, New York.

Goodhart, M 2013, Human Rights: Politics and Practice, Oxford UP, Oxford.

Haas, M 2014, International Human Rights: A Comprehensive Introduction, Routledge, New York.

Hoover, J 2013, ‘Rereading the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Plurality and Contestation, Not Consensus’, Journal of Human Rights, vol.4, no.12, pp. 217–241.

Hrubec, M 2010, ‘The Global Struggle for Human Rights: A Dialogue among Cultures’, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, vol.9, no.1, pp. 39-60.

Ishay, M 2010, ‘The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at 60: A Bridge to Which Future’, Perspectives on Global Development & Technology, vol.9, no.1, pp. 11-17.

Mahon, C 2008, ‘Progress at the Front: The Draft Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’, Human Rights Law Review, vol.8, no.4. pp. 617-646.

Normand, R & Zaidi, S 2008, Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of Universal Justice , Indiana University Press, Bloomington.

Rehman, J 2010, International Human Rights Law, Longman/Pearson, Harlow.

Simmons, B 2009, Mobilising for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Smith, S, Baylis, J & Owens, P 2008, Globalisation of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations , Routledge, New York.

Walzer, M & Miller, D 2007, Thinking Politically: Essays in Political Theory , Yale University Press, New Haven.

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Chapter 3 Outline answers to essay questions

The Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA)

'Sections 3 and 4 of the 1998 Act were carefully crafted to preserve the existing constitutional doctrine.'

Explain and critically analyse this statement concerning the operation of the Human Rights Act 1998 . Illustrate your answer with reference to relevant case law.

The introduction should set out the issues. The question is asking if the Human Rights Act (HRA) has preserved the constitutional position of the UK, or has it given too much power to the judiciary to limit the will of Parliament? The introduction should then set out how the essay will approach the question.

Structure the essay so there is a clear argument – for example: (this is not the only way you could do it as long as the argument makes sense)

• Briefly explain the constitutional doctrine in the UK: uncodified constitution – parliamentary supremacy, separation of powers and the rule of law: sources – Dicey, Tomkins etc.
•  S3 and S4 – interpretation and declaration. The essay could use Hansard reports from the parliamentary debates and/or academic sources to demonstrate the intention of the drafters to maintain parliamentary supremacy and maintain the current role of the judiciary which interprets legislation but does not make law – the judiciary should not undermine the intention of parliament
• S3 – cases and outcomes – opinions on these – judiciary going too far (parliamentary supremacy?)? Not enough deference? (separation of powers)
• S4 – cases and outcomes – parliamentary supremacy, last resort etc. – what has happened after a declaration? Does S4 have a political influence (limit) on parliamentary supremacy?
• Judicial deference – should courts defer to parliament in areas ‘outside their competence’ when deciding on whether an act or measure is incompatible with Human Rights?  - Cases and outcomes
• Debate on future of HRA – given the analysis should it be replaced?

The essay should use the arguments of academics, relevant case law and reports (such as Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights Reports)

Conclusion:  This should bring points together – what impact has S3 and S4 had on supremacy/ separation of powers? What is the role of the judiciary in a democracy? Is democratic dialogue improved by the HRA or does it limited sovereignty?

Select your Country

Exploring the Concept of Unalienable Rights: Origins, Implications, and Modern-Day Relevance

This essay about the principle of inalienable rights traces its historical origins, impact, and contemporary relevance. It discusses how these rights evolved from ancient philosophical concepts to crucial elements of modern democratic societies, influenced significantly by Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The essay also explores the role of inalienable rights in shaping international human rights laws and their ongoing significance in addressing global issues such as equality, justice, and the balance between individual freedoms and collective responsibilities.

How it works

In the vast mosaic of human history, the concept of unalienable rights stands as a guiding principle, woven into the very essence of societies across epochs and continents. From ancient philosophical musings to contemporary legal frameworks, the notion that certain rights are inherent to humanity and cannot be relinquished has left an indelible mark on the collective consciousness of humanity. Tracing its origins, pondering its implications, and unraveling its modern-day relevance reveals a tapestry rich in diversity, complexity, and perpetual evolution.

The genesis of unalienable rights can be found in the fertile soil of ancient wisdom, where sages contemplated the essence of human existence and the inherent dignity of individuals. Yet, it was during the Enlightenment era that these philosophical seeds began to germinate, nurtured by the intellectual ferment of luminaries such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Locke, in his seminal treatises, envisioned a social contract wherein individuals retained certain natural rights—life, liberty, and property—that no ruler could justly abrogate. Rousseau, in his revolutionary insights, expounded on the concept of popular sovereignty and the inviolable rights of the citizenry.

The proclamation of unalienable rights reverberated through the corridors of power and the streets of revolution. The American Declaration of Independence, a bold assertion of inherent rights penned by Thomas Jefferson, severed the bonds of colonial oppression and laid the groundwork for a democratic experiment grounded in individual sovereignty. Likewise, the French Revolution, ignited by the flames of Enlightenment ideals, sought to dismantle the edifice of feudal privilege and establish a republic founded on the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity, albeit amidst the tumult of upheaval and excess.

The resonance of unalienable rights in the modern era transcends borders, ideologies, and cultural divides, echoing in the aspirations of individuals and the collective struggles for justice and dignity. In the arena of human rights, international conventions and charters enshrine the inherent worth and entitlements of every human being, serving as a moral compass in a world fraught with conflicts and disparities. Movements for civil rights, gender equality, LGBTQ+ rights, and indigenous rights draw inspiration from the principle of unalienable rights, challenging entrenched systems of discrimination and demanding recognition of universal human dignity.

Moreover, the concept of unalienable rights infuses the fabric of governance and the architecture of democracy, shaping the contours of constitutions and legal systems worldwide. Judicial review, a cornerstone of constitutional democracies, acts as a safeguard against encroachments on fundamental rights, ensuring the primacy of justice and the rule of law.

Yet, the realization of unalienable rights remains an ongoing struggle, beset by obstacles both old and new. Economic disparities, social injustices, and cultural relativism cast shadows on the promise of universal rights, testing the resolve of societies to uphold the principles they profess. The tension between individual freedoms and collective interests underscores the perennial debate over the scope and limits of rights in a pluralistic world.

In summation, the concept of unalienable rights stands as a testament to the enduring quest for human dignity, justice, and freedom. From its philosophical genesis to its contemporary manifestations, it serves as a lodestar for those navigating the complexities of the modern age, guiding humanity towards a future where the inherent worth and dignity of every individual are cherished and protected. As we embark on this journey, let us heed the timeless wisdom encapsulated in the principle of unalienable rights, and strive to build a world where liberty, equality, and justice reign supreme.

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PapersOwl.com. (2024). Exploring the Concept of Unalienable Rights: Origins, Implications, and Modern-Day Relevance . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/exploring-the-concept-of-unalienable-rights-origins-implications-and-modern-day-relevance/ [Accessed: 14 May. 2024]

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PapersOwl.com. (2024). Exploring the Concept of Unalienable Rights: Origins, Implications, and Modern-Day Relevance . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/exploring-the-concept-of-unalienable-rights-origins-implications-and-modern-day-relevance/ [Accessed: 14-May-2024]

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Harvard Law School’s Bonnie Docherty attended the U.N General Assembly where the first-ever resolution on “killer robots” was adopted.

Courtesy of Bonnie Docherty

‘Killer robots’ are coming, and U.N. is worried

Human rights specialist lays out legal, ethical problems of military weapons systems that attack without human guidance

Harvard Staff Writer

Long the stuff of science fiction, autonomous weapons systems, known as “killer robots,” are poised to become a reality, thanks to the rapid development of artificial intelligence.

In response, international organizations have been intensifying calls for limits or even outright bans on their use. The U.N General Assembly in November adopted the first-ever resolution on these weapons systems, which can select and attack targets without human intervention.

To shed light on the legal and ethical concerns they raise, the Gazette interviewed Bonnie Docherty , lecturer on law at Harvard Law School’s International Human Rights Clinic (IHRC), who attended some of the U.N. meetings. Docherty is also a senior researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch . This interview has been condensed and edited for length and clarity.

What exactly are killer robots? To what extent are they a reality?

Killer robots, or autonomous weapons systems to use the more technical term, are systems that choose a target and fire on it based on sensor inputs rather than human inputs. They have been under development for a while but are rapidly becoming a reality. We are increasingly concerned about them because weapons systems with significant autonomy over the use of force are already being used on the battlefield.

What are those? Where have they been used?

It’s a little bit of a fine line about what counts as a killer robot and what doesn’t. Some systems that were used in Libya and others that have been used in [the ethnic and territorial conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over] Nagorno-Karabakh show significant autonomy in the sense that they can operate on their own to identify a target and to attack.

They’re called loitering munitions , and they are increasingly using autonomy that allows them to hover above the battlefield and wait to attack until they sense a target. Whether systems are considered killer robots depends on specific factors, such as the degree of human control, but these weapons show the dangers of autonomy in military technology.

What are the ethical concerns posed by killer robots?

The ethical concerns are very serious. Delegating life-and-death decisions to machines crosses a red line for many people. It would dehumanize violence and boil down humans to numerical values.

There’s also a serious risk of algorithmic bias, where discriminating against people based on race, gender, disability, and so forth is possible because machines may be intentionally programmed to look for certain criteria or may unintentionally become biased. There’s ample evidence that artificial intelligence can become biased. We in the human-rights community are very concerned about this being used in machines that are designed to kill.

“Delegating life-and-death decisions to machines crosses a red line for many people. It would dehumanize violence and boil down humans to numerical values.”

What are the legal concerns?

There are also very serious legal concerns, such as the inability for machines to distinguish soldiers from civilians. They’re going to have particular trouble doing so in a climate where combatants mingle with civilians.

Even if the technology can overcome that problem, they lack human judgment. That is important for what’s called the proportionality test, where you’re weighing whether civilian harm is greater than military advantage.

That test requires a human to make an ethical and legal decision. That’s a judgment that cannot be programmed into a machine because there are an infinite number of situations that happen on the battlefield. And you can’t program a machine to deal with an infinite number of situations.

There is also concern about the lack of accountability.

We’re very concerned about the use of autonomous weapons systems falling in an accountability gap because, obviously, you can’t hold the weapon system itself accountable.

It would also be legally challenging and arguably unfair to hold an operator responsible for the actions of a system that was operating autonomously.

There are also difficulties with holding weapons manufacturers responsible under tort law. There is wide concern among states and militaries and other people that these autonomous weapons could fall through a gap in responsibility.

We also believe that the use of these weapons systems would undermine existing international criminal law by creating a gap in the framework; it would create something that’s not covered by existing criminal law.

“Most of the countries that have sought either nonbinding rules or no action whatsoever are those that are in the process of developing the technology and clearly don’t want to give up the option to use it down the road.”

There have been efforts to ban killer robots, but they have been unsuccessful so far. Why is that?

There are certain countries who oppose any action to address the concerns these weapons raise — Russia in particular. Some countries, such as the U.S., the U.K., and so forth, have supported nonbinding rules. We believe that a binding treaty is the only answer to dealing with such grave concerns.

Most of the countries that have sought either nonbinding rules or no action whatsoever are those that are in the process of developing the technology and clearly don’t want to give up the option to use it down the road.

There could be several reasons why it has been challenging to ban these weapons systems. These are weapons systems that are in development as we speak, unlike landmines and cluster munitions that had already existed for a while when they were banned. We could show documented harm with landmines and cluster munitions, and that is a factor that moves people to action — when there’s already harm.

In the case of blinding lasers, it was a pre-emptive ban [to ensure they will be used only on optical equipment, not on military personnel] so that is a good parallel for autonomous weapons systems, although these weapons systems are a much broader category. There’s also a different political climate right now. Worldwide, there is a much more conservative political climate, which has made disarmament more challenging.

What are your thoughts on the U.S. government’s position?

We believe they fall short of what a solution should be. We think that we need legally binding rules that are much stronger than what the U.S. government is proposing and that they need to include prohibitions of certain kinds of autonomous weapons systems, and they need to be obligations, not simply recommendations.

There was a recent development in the U.N. recently in the decade-long effort to ban these weapons systems.

The disarmament committee, the U.N. General Assembly’s First Committee on Disarmament and International Security, adopted in November by a wide margin —164 states in favor and five states against — a resolution calling on the U.N. secretary-general to gather the opinions of states and civil society on autonomous weapons systems.

Although it seems like a small step, it’s a crucial step forward. It changes the center of the discussion to the General Assembly from the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW), where progress has been very slow and has been blocked by Russia and other states. The U.N. General Assembly (UNGA) includes more states and operates by voting rather than consensus.

Many states, over 100 , have said that they support a new treaty that includes prohibitions and regulations on autonomous weapons systems. That combined with the increased use of these systems in the real world have converged to drive action on the diplomatic front.

The secretary-general has said that by 2026 he would like to see a new treaty. A treaty emerging from the UNGA could consider a wider range of topics such as human rights, law, ethics, and not just be limited to humanitarian law. We’re very hopeful that this will be a game-shifter in the coming years.

What would an international ban on autonomous weapons systems entail, and how probable is it that this will happen soon?

We are calling for a treaty that has three parts to it. One is a ban on autonomous weapons systems that lack meaningful human control. We are also calling for a ban on autonomous weapons systems that target people because they raise concerns about discrimination and ethical challenges. The third prong is that we’re calling for regulations on all other autonomous weapons systems to ensure that they can only be used within a certain geographic or temporal scope. We’re optimistic that states will adopt such a treaty in the next few years.

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